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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Into to the Human Body > Flashcards

Into to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

Select one:

a. microscopic
b. gross
c. development
d. systemic

A

b. Gross

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2
Q 
Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. maintaining boundaries
b. excretion of metabolic waste 
c. responsiveness
d. metabolism
A

b. excretion of metabolic waste

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3
Q

Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process?

Select one:

a. to control body movement
b. to maintain homeostasis
c. to keep the body’s blood sugar level high
d. to regulate excretion via the kidneys

A

b. to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

The coxal joint is most likely found in the ________ region of the body.

Select one:

a. hand
b. groin
c. foot
d. hip

A

d. hip

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5
Q 
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. complex tissue
b. organ system 
c. organ
d. complex cell
A

c. organ

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6
Q

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

Select one:

a. body erect
b. arms at sides
c. palms turned posteriorly
d. thumbs pointed laterally

A

c. palms turned posteriorly

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7
Q

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

Select one:

a. body temperature regulation
b. regulating glucose levels in the blood
c. enhancement of labor contractions
d. blood calcium level regulation

A

c. enhancement of labor contractions

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8
Q

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

Select one:

a. a transverse cut just above the knees
b. two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
c. any sagittal plane except in the midline
d. any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

c. any sagittal plane except in the midline

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9
Q 
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
Select one:
a. appendix
b. stomach
c. liver
d. intestines
A

d. intestines

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10
Q

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

Select one:

a. covering individual lungs
b. lining the thoracic cavity
c. covering the heart
d. lining the abdominal cavity

A

b. lining the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

Select one:

a. muscular
b. lymphatic
c. immune
d. nervous

A

d. nervous

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12
Q

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains____________.

Select one:

a. the lowest possible energy usage
b. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
c. a static state with no deviation from preset points
d. a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances

A

b. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

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13
Q

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

Select one:

a. pleural, ventral, and thoracic
b. mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
c. pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
d. pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

A

a. pleural, ventral, and thoracic

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14
Q

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: (1) molecules, (2) atoms, (3) tissues, (4) cells, (5) organs.

Select one:

a. 1-2-3-4-5
b. 2-1-4-3-5
c. 2-1-3-4-5
d. 1-2-4-3-5

A

b. 2-1-4-3-5

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15
Q

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person’s brain?

Select one:

a. X-ray
b. DSA
c. PET
d. MRI

A

d. MRI

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16
Q

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

Select one:

a. right upper quadrant
b. right lower quadrant
c. left upper quadrent
d. left lower quadrant

A

c. left upper quadrent

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17
Q

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
Select one:
a. It is considered the cause of most diseases.
b. The internal environment is becoming more stable.
c. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
d. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.

A

a. It is considered the cause of most diseases.

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18
Q

The term pollex refers to the ________.

Select one:

a. great toe
b. calf
c. fingers
d. thumb

A

d. thumb

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19
Q

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

Select one:

a. intestines
b. brain
c. lungs
d. liver

A

b. brain

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20
Q

Select the most correct statement.
Select one:
a. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
b. Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
c. The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
d. Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.

A

a. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

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21
Q

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

Select one:

a. indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
b. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
c. the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
d. the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

A

b. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

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22
Q

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

Select one:

a. nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
b. nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
c. water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
d. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

A

d. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

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23
Q

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

Select one:

a. Frontal
b. regional
c. sagittal
d. transverse

A

c. sagittal

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24
Q

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity.

Select one:

a. cranial
b. dorsal
c. vertebral
d. thoracic
e. ventral

A

b. dorsal

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25
Q

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

Select one:

a. it makes for more efficient use of students’ and teachers’ time
b. to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology
c. physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
d. anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing

A

c. physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

26
Q

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

Select one:

a. The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.
b. The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body
c. The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
d. The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contraction.

A

a. The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

27
Q

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________.

Select one:

a. maintaining boundaries
b. metabolism
c. responsiveness
d. excretion

A

a. maintaining boundaries

28
Q

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions, which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

Select one:

a. movement
b. responsiveness
c. growth
d. digestion

A

c. growth

29
Q

Anatomical position is important because ________.

Select one:

a. it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients
b. it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
c. it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
d. it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram

A

c. it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

30
Q

You are asked to take a person’s heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

Select one:

a. on the posterior side of the knee
b. at the posterior side of the wrist
c. in the distal end of the lower leg
d. on the palmar side of the hand

A

a. on the posterior side of the knee

31
Q

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses?

Select one:

a. Fe
b. I
c. P
d. Na

A

d. Na

32
Q

The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.

Select one:

a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids

A

c. proteins

33
Q 
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. a high water content
b. long fatty acid chains
c. saturated fatty acids
d. unsaturated fatty acids
A

d. unsaturated fatty acids

34
Q

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

Select one:

a. regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
b. sequence of the nucleotides
c. three-dimensional structure of the double helix
d. arrangement of the histones

A

b. sequence of the nucleotides

35
Q

The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.

Select one:

a. DNA
b. hemoglobin
c. collagen
d. glucose

A

c. collagen

36
Q

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________.

Select one:

a. glucose
b. triglycerides
c. glycogen
d. cholesterol

A

c. glycogen

37
Q

A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with ________.

Select one:

a. the release of energy
b. the consumption of energy
c. degradation
d. forming a smaller molecule

A

b. the consumption of energy

38
Q

Salts are always ________.

Select one:

a. ionic compounds
b. single covalent compounds
c. double covalent compounds
d. hydrogen bonded

A

a. ionic compounds

39
Q

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

Select one:

a. magnesium
b. hydrogen
c. potassium
d. sodium

A

d. sodium

40
Q

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

Select one:

a. H2O
b. CO2
c. NaOH
d. CH4

A

d. CH4

41
Q

What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?

Select one:

a. triglyceride
b. polysaccharide
c. protein
d. nucleic acid

A

c. protein

42
Q

What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Select one:

a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure

A

a. primary structure

43
Q

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

Select one:

a. addition of a water molecule between each two units
b. addition of a carbon atom between each two units
c. removal of a water molecule between each two units
d. removal of a carbon atom between each two units

A

c. removal of a water molecule between each two units

44
Q

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.

Select one:

a. a bicarbonate ion
b. common in the liver
c. a weak acid
d. a proton donor

A

a. a bicarbonate ion

45
Q

Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in human bodies.

Select one:

a. glucose to CO2 and H2O
b. ADP + Pi to make ATP
c. H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
d. glucose molecules joined to make glycogen

A

a. glucose to CO2 and H2O

46
Q

Which type of proteins can function as chemical messengers or as receptors in the plasma membrane?

Select one:

a. defensive
b. transport
c. communication
d. enzyme

A

c. communication

47
Q

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

Select one:

a. Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
b. DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
c. RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
d. tDNA is considered a “molecular slave” of DNA during protein synthesis.

A

b. DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

48
Q

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

Select one:

a. cytosol
b. salt water
c. rubbing alcohol
d. blood

A

d. blood

49
Q

If the atomic mass of an element is 14 and the atomic number is 6, which of the following would describe this element?

Select one:

a. atom
b. neutral
c. ion
d. isotope

A

d. isotope

50
Q

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.

Select one:

a. carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
b. nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
c. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
d. sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen

A

c. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

51
Q

________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

Select one:

a. Vitamin K
b. Cortisol
c. Vitamin A
d. Vitamin D

A

d. Vitamin D

52
Q

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

Select one:

a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10

A

c. 7

53
Q

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?

Select one:

a. ionic bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. polar covalent bonds
d. non-polar covalent bonds

A

b. hydrogen bonds

54
Q

An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.

Select one:

a. 3
b. 8
c. 13
d. 17

A

c. 13

55
Q

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

Select one:

a. HCl → H+ + Cl-
b. NaOH → Na+ + OH-
c. NH3 + H+ → NH4+2
d. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

A

d. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

56
Q

What is a cation?

Select one:

a. an atom that shares its valence electrons
b. an atom that gains one or more electrons and acquires a net negative charge
c. an atom that loses one or more electrons and acquires a net positive charge
d. a molecule that has both positive and negative charges

A

c. an atom that loses one or more electrons and acquires a net positive charge

57
Q

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.

Select one:

a. synthesis
b. decomposition
c. exchange
d. reversible

A

a. synthesis

58
Q

Starch is a _________.

Select one:

a. monosaccharide
b. disaccharide
c. polysaccharide
d. triglyceride

A

c. polysaccharide

59
Q

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________.

Select one:

a. as a code
b. to hold the molecular backbone together
c. to bind the sugars to their bases
d. as nucleotides

A

b. to hold the molecular backbone together

60
Q

When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to “unzip” temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way.

Select one:

a. ionic bonding
b. polar covalent bonding
c. hydrogen bonding
d. non-polar covalent bonding

A

c. hydrogen bonding

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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