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Medical Terminology > The Nervous System-Neurology and Psychiatry > Flashcards

The Nervous System-Neurology and Psychiatry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Brain

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2
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

En=inside cephalus=head and literally means “the stuff inside your head”

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3
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Temporal, Parietel, and Occipital.

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5
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

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6
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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7
Q

Crani/o

A

Head, Skull

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8
Q

What do the meninges consist of?

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

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9
Q

What does the brain consist of?

A

Gray matter and white matter

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10
Q

Mening/o

A

Meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

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11
Q

Meningi/o

A

Meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

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12
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

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13
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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14
Q

Gangli/o

A

Nerve Bundle

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15
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal Cord, Bone Marrow

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16
Q

What does neurology focus on?

A

Actions

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17
Q

What is the psyche?

A

Mind or soul

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18
Q

Esthesi/o

A

Feeling, Sensation

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19
Q

Phas/o

A

Speech

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20
Q

Phren/o

A

Mind

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21
Q

Pysch/o

A

Mind

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22
Q

Somn/o

A

Sleep

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23
Q

Somn/i

A

Sleep

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24
Q

Hypn/o

A

Sleep

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25
Q

Gnosi/o

A

Know

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26
Q

-mania

A

Excessive Desire

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27
Q

-phobia

A

Excessive Fear or Sensitivity

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28
Q

-paresis

A

Slight or Partial Paralysis

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29
Q

Ton/o

A

Muscle Tone, Tension, Pressure

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30
Q

Tax/o

A

Arrangement, Order, Coordination

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31
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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32
Q

-asthenia

A

Weakness

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33
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to Speak

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34
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of Coordination

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35
Q

Catatonia

A

Condition characterized by reduced muscle tone.

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36
Q

Delirium

A

Brief loss of mental function.

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37
Q

Dementia

A

Loss/Decline in mental function.

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38
Q

Dykinesia

A

Difficulty Moving

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39
Q

Dyslexia

A

Difficulty Reading

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40
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty Speaking

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41
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements

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42
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to Sleep

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43
Q

Myoclonus

A

Muscle Twitching

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44
Q

Myospasm

A

Involuntary Muscle Contraction

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45
Q

Neurasthenia

A

Nerve Weakness

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46
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleep Walking

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47
Q

-ambul

A

walk

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48
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain.

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49
Q

Cephalalgia

A

Head Pain

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50
Q

Cephalogynia

A

Head Pain

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51
Q

Encephalagia

A

Brain Pain

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52
Q

Neuralgia

A

Nerve Pain

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53
Q

Neurodynia

A

Nerve Pain

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54
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Partial Paralysis of Half the Body

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55
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on Half the Body

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56
Q

Monoparesis

A

Partial Paralysis of One Limb

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57
Q

Monoplegia

A

Paralysis of One Limb

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58
Q

Paralysis

A

Complete Loss of Sensation and Motor Function

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59
Q

Paresis

A

Partial Paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function.

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60
Q

Causalgia

A

Painful Sensation of Burning

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61
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Bad Feeling

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62
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Increased Sensation

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63
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal Sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin)

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64
Q

Pseudesthesia

A

False Sensation

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65
Q

Synesthesia

A

Condition where one sensation is experienced as another

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66
Q

Acrophobia

A

Fear of Heights

think acrobats

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67
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of Outdoor Spaces

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68
Q

Hydrophobia

A

Fear of Water

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69
Q

Kleptomania

A

Desire to Steal

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70
Q

Photophobia

A

Excessive Sensitivity to Light

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71
Q

Photo

A

Light

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72
Q

Pyromania

A

Desire to Set Fire

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73
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

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74
Q

Electroencephalography

A

Procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

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75
Q

Lumbar Puncture (LP)

A

Inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid; commonly called a spinal tap

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76
Q

Cerebral Angiography

A

Procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

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77
Q

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

A

Procedure used to examine blood vessels

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78
Q

Myelogram

A

Image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray

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79
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan

A

An imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain

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80
Q

Transcranial Doppler Sonography

A

An imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull.

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81
Q

Cerebellitis

A

Inflammation of the Cerebellum

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82
Q

Cerebral Atrophy

A

Wasting away of brain tissue

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83
Q

Duritis

A

Inflammation of the Dura

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84
Q

Encephalocele

A

Hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)

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85
Q

Hematoma

A

A tumorlike mass made up of blood

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86
Q

Cranial Hematoma

A

A hematoma beneath the skull

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87
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

A Hematoma located on top of the dura

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88
Q

Intracerebral Hematoma

A

A Hematoma located inside the brain

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89
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

A Hematoma located beneath the dura

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90
Q

Macrocephaly

A

Abnormally Large Head

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91
Q

Microcephaly

A

Abnormally Small Head

92
Q

Meningocele

A

A Hernia of the Meninges

93
Q

Myelocele

A

A Hernia of the Spinal Cord

94
Q

Myelomacia

A

Abnormal Softening of the Spinal Cord

95
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

A Hernia of the Spinal Cord and Meninges

96
Q

Neuritis

A

Nerve Inflammation

97
Q

Neuroma

A

A Nerve Tumor

98
Q

Neurosclerosis

A

Hardening of Nerves

99
Q

Polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of Multiple Nerves

100
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to Comprehend

101
Q

Apathy

A

Lack of Emotion

102
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Increase in Muscle Movement or Activity

103
Q

Neurasthenia

A

Nerve Weakness

104
Q

Neuroglycopenia

A

Deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

105
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary back and forth eye movements

106
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize faces

107
Q

Anesthesiologist

A

A doctor who specializes in anesthesiology

108
Q

Afferent Nerve

A

A nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system

109
Q

Efferent Nerve

A

A nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

110
Q

Neurogenic

A

Originating from/created by nerves

111
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind

112
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

113
Q

Psychogenic

A

Originating in/created by the mind

114
Q

Psychologist

A

A doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

115
Q

Psychology

A

Branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

116
Q

Psychosomatic

A

Pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

117
Q

Idiopathic

A

Having no known cause of origin

118
Q

Interictal

A

Time between seizures

119
Q

Postictal

A

Time after a seizure

120
Q

Preictal

A

Time before a seizure

121
Q

Tonic

A

Pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive)

122
Q

Clonus

A

Muscle Spasm or twitching

123
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

A seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase

124
Q

Stroke

A

Loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

125
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

A stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

126
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

A stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

127
Q

Isch

A

hold back

128
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

A “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours

129
Q

Cerebrovascular Disease

A

A disease of the blood vessels of the brain

130
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm

A

The widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

131
Q

Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

A

The hardening of an artery in the brain

132
Q

Cerebral Atheroslerosis

A

The hardening of an artery in the brain caused by buildup of fatty plaque

133
Q

Cerebral Embolism

A

The blockage of a blood vessel in the barin caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria

134
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

An accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

135
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Premature closure of the bones

136
Q

Intracranial Hypertension

A

Pressure in the brain

137
Q

Meningitis

A

Infections of the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord

138
Q

Cerebral Thrombosis

A

The blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot

139
Q

Craniomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of the skull

140
Q

Craniosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of the skull

141
Q

Craniostenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the skull

142
Q

Hydrocephaly

A

Abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

143
Q

Asterocytoma

A

A tumor of arising from astrocyte glial cells

144
Q

Ganglioma

A

Ganglion Tumor

145
Q

Glioblastoma

A

A brain tumor arising from glioblast cells

146
Q

Meningioma

A

A tumor of the meninges

147
Q

Cerebellitis

A

Inflammation of the cerebellum

148
Q

Cerebromeningitis

A

Inflammation of the brain and meninges

149
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

150
Q

Encephalomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

151
Q

Encephalomyeloneuropathy

A

Disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

152
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Disease of the brain

153
Q

Encephalopyosis

A

A pus-filled abscess of the brain

154
Q

Gangliitis

A

Inflammation of the Ganglion

155
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Excessive Bleeding inside the brain

156
Q

Meningopathy

A

Disease of the meninges

157
Q

Meningoencephalitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges and brain

158
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord

159
Q

Myelodysplasia

A

Defective formation of the spinal cord

160
Q

Myelopathy

A

Disease of the spinal cord

161
Q

Neuroarthropathy

A

Disease of the joint associated with nerves

162
Q

Neuroencephalomyelopathy

A

Disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.

163
Q

Neuropathy

A

Disease of the nervous system

164
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

165
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Disease affecting multiple nerves

166
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

A degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Literally, the hardening of the nerve cells on the sides (lateral) of spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from disease.

167
Q

Anorexia

A

An eating disorder characterized by a patient’s refusal to eat

168
Q

Autism

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self.

169
Q

Bulimia

A

An eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting

170
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement.

171
Q

Dysphoria

A

A negative emotional state

172
Q

Epilepsy

A

A disease marked by seizures

173
Q

Euphoria

A

A positive emotional state

174
Q

Hypomania

A

A mental state just below mania

175
Q

Manic Depression (Bipolar)

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression

176
Q

Myasthenia

A

Muscle Weakness

177
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness

178
Q

Neurosis

A

A nerve condition

179
Q

Psychosis

A

A mind condition

180
Q

Psychopathy

A

A mental illness

181
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech.

182
Q

Anesthetic

A

A drug that causes loss of sensation

183
Q

General Anesthetic

A

Anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness

184
Q

Local Anesthetic

A

Anesthetic that does not affect consciousness

185
Q

Regional Anesthetic

A

Anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area

186
Q

Topical Anesthetic

A

Local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized.

187
Q

Epidural Anesthetic

A

Anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord

188
Q

Analgesic

A

A drug that relieves pain

189
Q

Anticonvulsant

A

A drug that opposes convulsions

190
Q

Antidepressant

A

A drug that opposes depression

191
Q

Antipsychotic

A

A drug that opposes psychoses

192
Q

Anxiolytic

A

A drug that lessens anxiety

193
Q

Hypnotic

A

A drug that aids sleep

194
Q

Neuropharmacology

A

The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system

195
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The study of the effects of drugs on mental processes

196
Q

Psychotropic

A

Drugs that are able to turn the mind

197
Q

Thrombolytic

A

A drug that dissolves clots

198
Q

Cerebrotomy

A

Incision into the brain

199
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment using chemicals

200
Q

Craniectomy

A

Removal of a piece of the skull

201
Q

Craniotomy

A

Incision into the skull

202
Q

Endartectomy

A

Removal of the inside of an artery

203
Q

Endovascular Neurosurgery

A

Surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels

204
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a lobe

205
Q

Lobotomy

A

Incision into a lobe

206
Q

Neurectomy

A

Removal of a nerve

207
Q

Neurolysis

A

Destruction of nerve tissue

208
Q

Neuroplasty

A

Reconstruction of a nerve

209
Q

Neurorrhaphy

A

Suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)

210
Q

Neurotomy

A

Incision into a nerve

211
Q

ADHD

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

212
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

213
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

214
Q

CP

A

Cerebral Palsy

215
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

216
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

217
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

218
Q

EMG

A

Electromyogram

219
Q

ICP

A

Intracranial Pressure

220
Q

LOC

A

Level of Consciousness

221
Q

LP

A

Lumbar Puncture

222
Q

MRA

A

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

223
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

224
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

225
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography

226
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

227
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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