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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-physis

A

growth

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2
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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3
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull

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4
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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5
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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6
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lower back

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7
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

think brace, or embrace which literally means “to put someone in your arms”

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8
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger

(the flying dinosaur pterodactyl gets its name from ptero which means winged and dactyl which means fingers, which obviously means winged fingers)

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9
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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10
Q

cost/o

A

rib

think coast, the coasts are like the country’s ribs or sides

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11
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thighbone)

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12
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shinbone)

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13
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

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14
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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15
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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16
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

a bursa is a fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints

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17
Q

fascia

A

a thick membrane that helps keep the muscle together

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18
Q

ten/o

A

tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)

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19
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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20
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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21
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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22
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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23
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

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24
Q

Deep

A

Left side muscles

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25
Q

Superficial

A

Right side muscles

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26
Q

Flexion

A

When a joint bends

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27
Q

Extension

A

When a joint straightens

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28
Q

Abduction

A

Widening of a joint to move parts away from the body

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29
Q

Adduction

A

Narrowing of a joint to move parts towards the body

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30
Q

Tendons

A

Hold muscle to bone

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31
Q

Ligaments

A

Hold bone to bone

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32
Q

Cartilage

A

Surrounds bones at the joints and allows smooth movement among them

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33
Q

Bursae

A

Keep muscles and bones moving smoothly

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34
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

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35
Q

Kinesi/o

A

Movement, Motion

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36
Q

Paresis

A

Partial Paralysis

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37
Q

Plegia

A

Complete Paralysis

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38
Q

Ton/o

A

Tone, Tension

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39
Q

Kinet/o

A

Movement, Motion

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40
Q

Tax/o

A

Arrangement, order, coordination

think taxidermy, arranging a dead animal

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41
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiff, Bent

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42
Q

Costalgia

A

Rib Pain

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43
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Pain in the bones of the foot

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44
Q

Ostalgia (Can also be spelled Ostealgia)

A

Bone Pain

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45
Q

Osteodynia

A

Bone Pain

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46
Q

Spondylodynia

A

Vertebra Pain

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47
Q

Tibialgia

A

Tibia (shin) pain

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48
Q

Ankylosis

A

Joint Stiffness

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49
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint Pain

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50
Q

Arthrodynia

A

Joint Pain

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51
Q

Cervicodynia

A

Neck Pain

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52
Q

Crepitation

A

Crackling sound heard in joints

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53
Q

Genu Valgum

A

Knock-kneed

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54
Q

Genu Varum

A

Bowlegged

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55
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

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56
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Inability to control movement

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57
Q

Dystaxia

A

Poor Coordination

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58
Q

Dystonia

A

Poor Muscle Tone

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59
Q

Graphospasm

A

Writer’s Cramp

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60
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Increase in muscle movement or activity

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61
Q

Hypertonia

A

Increased muscle tone or tightness

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62
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Decrease in muscle movement or activity

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63
Q

Hypotonia

A

Decrease in muscle tone or tightness

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64
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle Pain

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65
Q

Myasthenia

A

Muscle Weakness

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66
Q

Myodynia

A

Muscle Pain

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67
Q

Myospasm

A

Muscle Spasm

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68
Q

Tenalgia

A

Tendon Pain

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69
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Puncture of a joint

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70
Q

Arthroscope

A

Instrument for looking into a joint

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71
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Procedure of looking into a joint

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72
Q

Electromyogram

A

A record of the electrical activity of a muscle

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73
Q

Electromyography

A

Procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

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74
Q

Myography

A

Procedure for studying muscles

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75
Q

Arthrogram

A

Visual record of a joint

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76
Q

Arthrograpy

A

Procedure used to examine a joint

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77
Q

Computed Axial Tomography (CAT or CT)

A

Imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

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78
Q

Kyphosis

A

Humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

79
Q

Kyph/o

A

Bent

80
Q

Lordosis

A

Sway back; abnormal forwards curvature of the lower spine

81
Q

Lord/o

A

Bent backward

82
Q

Scoliosis

A

Crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the lower spine

83
Q

Scoli/o

A

Crooked

84
Q

Carpitis

A

Wrist inflammation

85
Q

Craniomalacia

A

Softening of the skull

86
Q

Exostosis

A

An abnormal growth of bone out of another bone

87
Q

Fracture

A

A bone break

88
Q

Osteodystrophy

A

Poor Bone Development

89
Q

Osteolysis

A

Bone Loss

90
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

Death of Bone

91
Q

Osteosclerosis

A

Abnormal Hardening of Bone

92
Q

Polydactyl

A

Having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)

93
Q

Spondylitis

A

Vertebra Inflammation

94
Q

Spondylomalacia

A

Softening of the Vertebra

95
Q

Syndactyly

A

Fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)

96
Q

Tarsoptosis

A

Flat Feet

97
Q

Bursolith

A

A stone in a bursa

98
Q

-lith

A

Stone

99
Q

Effusion

A

Fluid Buildup

100
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood in a joint

101
Q

Hydrarthrosis

A

Water (fluid) in a joint

102
Q

Pyarthrosis

A

Pus in a joint

103
Q

Atrophy

A

Underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

104
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Overdevelopment of muscle tissue

105
Q

Myocele

A

Hernia of muscle tissue

106
Q

Myolysis

A

Loss of muscle tissue

107
Q

Myomalacia

A

Softening of a muscle

108
Q

Myosclerosis

A

Hardening of a muscle

109
Q

Myotasis

A

Stretching of a muscle

110
Q

-tasis

A

expansion

111
Q

Myotonia

A

Muscle tone

112
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

The premature fusing of the skull bones

113
Q

Dactylitis

A

Finger Inflammation

114
Q

Hypertrophic Spondylitis

A

Overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

115
Q

Osteitis

A

Bone Inflammation

116
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of bone and cartilage

117
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

A disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease.

118
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of the bone

119
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

120
Q

Osteopathy

A

Bone Disease

121
Q

Osteopenia

A

Reduction in bone volume

122
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density

123
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Abnormal Narrowing of the Spine

124
Q

Spondyloarthropathy

A

Joint disease of the vertebrae

125
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

The slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

126
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Loss of vertebra structure

127
Q

Spondylosis

A

Vertebra Condition

128
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint Inflammation

129
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because it’s symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever.

130
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint caused by infection

131
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight

132
Q

Arthrocele

A

Hernia of a Joint

133
Q

Arthrodysplasia

A

Abnormal Joint Development

134
Q

Arthropathy

A

Joint Disease

135
Q

Arthrosclerosis

A

Hardening of the joints

136
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa

137
Q

Bursopathy

A

Disease of the bursa

138
Q

Osteocarcinoma

A

Bone Cancer Tumor

139
Q

Osteochondroma

A

A tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as exostosis made up of cartilage

140
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells

141
Q

NSAIDs

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

for example: ibuprofen

142
Q

Analgesic

A

A drug that relieves pain

143
Q

Antiathrtitic

A

A drug that opposes joint inflammation

144
Q

Anti-Inflammatory

A

A drug that opposes inflammation

145
Q

Antipyretic

A

A drug that opposes fever

146
Q

Carpectomy

A

A removal of all or part of the wrist

147
Q

Costectomy

A

Removal of a rib

148
Q

Craniectomy

A

Removal of a portion of the skull

149
Q

Craniotomy

A

Removal of a portion of the skull

150
Q

External Fixation

A

The fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e. using casts, splints, stabilizers)

151
Q

Internal Fixation

A

The fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e. using screws, pins, plates)

152
Q

Closed Reduction

A

Returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery.

153
Q

Open Reduction

A

Returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery.

154
Q

Metacarpectomy

A

Removal of a bone in the hand

155
Q

Orthotics

A

A device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body.

156
Q

Ostectomy

A

Removal of a bone

157
Q

Osteectomy

A

Removal of a bone

158
Q

Osteoclasia

A

The surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)

159
Q

Osteoplasty

A

Reconstruction of a bone

160
Q

Osteotomy

A

Incision into a bone

161
Q

Prothesis

A

A device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function

162
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

Fusing together of multiple vertebrae

163
Q

Sternotomy

A

Incision into the sternum

164
Q

Tarsectomy

A

Removal of all or a portion of the ankle

165
Q

Tarsoclasia

A

Surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e. to treat clubfoot)

166
Q

Arthrectomy

A

Removal of a joint

167
Q

Arthroclasia

A

The therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility

168
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical Fixation of a joint

169
Q

Arthrolysis

A

Loosening a stiff joint

170
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Reconstruction of a joint

171
Q

Arthrotomy

A

Incision into a joint

172
Q

Bursectomy

A

Removal of a bursa

173
Q

Bursotomy

A

Incision into a bursa

174
Q

Chondrectomy

A

Removal of cartilage

175
Q

Chondroplasty

A

Reconstruction of cartilage

176
Q

Fasciectomy

A

Removal of fascia

177
Q

Fascioplasty

A

Reconstruction of fascia

178
Q

Fasciorrhaphy

A

Suturing of Fascia

179
Q

Fasciotomy

A

Incision into fascia

180
Q

Myectomy

A

Removal of muscle

181
Q

Myodesis

A

Binding of a muscle

182
Q

Myomectomy

A

Removal of a muscle tumor

183
Q

Myoplasty

A

Muscle reconstruction

184
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Muscle Suture

185
Q

Myotomy

A

Incision into Muscle

186
Q

Tendectomy

A

Removal of a tendon

187
Q

Tendoplasty

A

Reconstruction of a tendon

188
Q

Tenodesis

A

Binding of a tendon

189
Q

Tenolysis

A

Freeing/loosening a tendon

190
Q

Tenonectomy

A

Removal of a tendon

191
Q

Tenoplasty

A

Reconstruction of a tendon

192
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

Suture of a Tendon

193
Q

Tenotomy

A

Incision into a tendon

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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