Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
-physis
growth
oste/o
bone
crani/o
head, skull
cervic/o
neck
spondyl/o
vertebra
lumb/o
loin, lower back
brachi/o
arm
think brace, or embrace which literally means “to put someone in your arms”
dactyl/o
finger
(the flying dinosaur pterodactyl gets its name from ptero which means winged and dactyl which means fingers, which obviously means winged fingers)
carp/o
wrist
cost/o
rib
think coast, the coasts are like the country’s ribs or sides
femor/o
femur (thighbone)
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
tars/o
ankle
chondr/o
cartilage
arthr/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
a bursa is a fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints
fascia
a thick membrane that helps keep the muscle together
ten/o
tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
tend/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
muscul/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
myos/o
muscle
Deep
Left side muscles
Superficial
Right side muscles
Flexion
When a joint bends
Extension
When a joint straightens
Abduction
Widening of a joint to move parts away from the body
Adduction
Narrowing of a joint to move parts towards the body
Tendons
Hold muscle to bone
Ligaments
Hold bone to bone
Cartilage
Surrounds bones at the joints and allows smooth movement among them
Bursae
Keep muscles and bones moving smoothly
Fasci/o
Fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
Kinesi/o
Movement, Motion
Paresis
Partial Paralysis
Plegia
Complete Paralysis
Ton/o
Tone, Tension
Kinet/o
Movement, Motion
Tax/o
Arrangement, order, coordination
think taxidermy, arranging a dead animal
Ankyl/o
Stiff, Bent
Costalgia
Rib Pain
Metatarsalgia
Pain in the bones of the foot
Ostalgia (Can also be spelled Ostealgia)
Bone Pain
Osteodynia
Bone Pain
Spondylodynia
Vertebra Pain
Tibialgia
Tibia (shin) pain
Ankylosis
Joint Stiffness
Arthralgia
Joint Pain
Arthrodynia
Joint Pain
Cervicodynia
Neck Pain
Crepitation
Crackling sound heard in joints
Genu Valgum
Knock-kneed
Genu Varum
Bowlegged
Bradykinesia
Slow movement
Dyskinesia
Inability to control movement
Dystaxia
Poor Coordination
Dystonia
Poor Muscle Tone
Graphospasm
Writer’s Cramp
Hyperkinesia
Increase in muscle movement or activity
Hypertonia
Increased muscle tone or tightness
Hypokinesia
Decrease in muscle movement or activity
Hypotonia
Decrease in muscle tone or tightness
Myalgia
Muscle Pain
Myasthenia
Muscle Weakness
Myodynia
Muscle Pain
Myospasm
Muscle Spasm
Tenalgia
Tendon Pain
Arthrocentesis
Puncture of a joint
Arthroscope
Instrument for looking into a joint
Arthroscopy
Procedure of looking into a joint
Electromyogram
A record of the electrical activity of a muscle
Electromyography
Procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
Myography
Procedure for studying muscles
Arthrogram
Visual record of a joint
Arthrograpy
Procedure used to examine a joint
Computed Axial Tomography (CAT or CT)
Imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
Kyphosis
Humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
Kyph/o
Bent
Lordosis
Sway back; abnormal forwards curvature of the lower spine
Lord/o
Bent backward
Scoliosis
Crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the lower spine
Scoli/o
Crooked
Carpitis
Wrist inflammation
Craniomalacia
Softening of the skull
Exostosis
An abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
Fracture
A bone break
Osteodystrophy
Poor Bone Development
Osteolysis
Bone Loss
Osteonecrosis
Death of Bone
Osteosclerosis
Abnormal Hardening of Bone
Polydactyl
Having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)
Spondylitis
Vertebra Inflammation
Spondylomalacia
Softening of the Vertebra
Syndactyly
Fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)
Tarsoptosis
Flat Feet
Bursolith
A stone in a bursa
-lith
Stone
Effusion
Fluid Buildup
Hemarthrosis
Blood in a joint
Hydrarthrosis
Water (fluid) in a joint
Pyarthrosis
Pus in a joint
Atrophy
Underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
Hypertrophy
Overdevelopment of muscle tissue
Myocele
Hernia of muscle tissue
Myolysis
Loss of muscle tissue
Myomalacia
Softening of a muscle
Myosclerosis
Hardening of a muscle
Myotasis
Stretching of a muscle
-tasis
expansion
Myotonia
Muscle tone
Craniosynostosis
The premature fusing of the skull bones
Dactylitis
Finger Inflammation
Hypertrophic Spondylitis
Overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
Osteitis
Bone Inflammation
Osteochondritis
Inflammation of bone and cartilage
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
A disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease.
Osteomalacia
Softening of the bone
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
Osteopathy
Bone Disease
Osteopenia
Reduction in bone volume
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density
Spinal Stenosis
Abnormal Narrowing of the Spine
Spondyloarthropathy
Joint disease of the vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis
The slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
Spondylolysis
Loss of vertebra structure
Spondylosis
Vertebra Condition
Arthritis
Joint Inflammation
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because it’s symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever.
Septic Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint caused by infection
Osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
Arthrocele
Hernia of a Joint
Arthrodysplasia
Abnormal Joint Development
Arthropathy
Joint Disease
Arthrosclerosis
Hardening of the joints
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa
Bursopathy
Disease of the bursa
Osteocarcinoma
Bone Cancer Tumor
Osteochondroma
A tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as exostosis made up of cartilage
Osteosarcoma
Cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
for example: ibuprofen
Analgesic
A drug that relieves pain
Antiathrtitic
A drug that opposes joint inflammation
Anti-Inflammatory
A drug that opposes inflammation
Antipyretic
A drug that opposes fever
Carpectomy
A removal of all or part of the wrist
Costectomy
Removal of a rib
Craniectomy
Removal of a portion of the skull
Craniotomy
Removal of a portion of the skull
External Fixation
The fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e. using casts, splints, stabilizers)
Internal Fixation
The fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e. using screws, pins, plates)
Closed Reduction
Returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery.
Open Reduction
Returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery.
Metacarpectomy
Removal of a bone in the hand
Orthotics
A device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body.
Ostectomy
Removal of a bone
Osteectomy
Removal of a bone
Osteoclasia
The surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)
Osteoplasty
Reconstruction of a bone
Osteotomy
Incision into a bone
Prothesis
A device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
Spondylosyndesis
Fusing together of multiple vertebrae
Sternotomy
Incision into the sternum
Tarsectomy
Removal of all or a portion of the ankle
Tarsoclasia
Surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e. to treat clubfoot)
Arthrectomy
Removal of a joint
Arthroclasia
The therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
Arthrodesis
Surgical Fixation of a joint
Arthrolysis
Loosening a stiff joint
Arthroplasty
Reconstruction of a joint
Arthrotomy
Incision into a joint
Bursectomy
Removal of a bursa
Bursotomy
Incision into a bursa
Chondrectomy
Removal of cartilage
Chondroplasty
Reconstruction of cartilage
Fasciectomy
Removal of fascia
Fascioplasty
Reconstruction of fascia
Fasciorrhaphy
Suturing of Fascia
Fasciotomy
Incision into fascia
Myectomy
Removal of muscle
Myodesis
Binding of a muscle
Myomectomy
Removal of a muscle tumor
Myoplasty
Muscle reconstruction
Myorrhaphy
Muscle Suture
Myotomy
Incision into Muscle
Tendectomy
Removal of a tendon
Tendoplasty
Reconstruction of a tendon
Tenodesis
Binding of a tendon
Tenolysis
Freeing/loosening a tendon
Tenonectomy
Removal of a tendon
Tenoplasty
Reconstruction of a tendon
Tenorrhaphy
Suture of a Tendon
Tenotomy
Incision into a tendon
