The Nervous System Flashcards
ectoderm
where the nervous tissue emerges
- outermost layer of developing fetus
neural induction
process that causes formation of neural tube
- neural tube balloons up at rostral end and fore, hind, mis brain and spinal cord can be delineated
rostrocaudal
front-back plane used to identify anatomical structured in body and brain
spina bifida
development disease of spinal cord, where tube does not close
- disrupts lumbar and sacral segment of spinal cord
neuroblasts
brain progenitor divides into other neuroblasts or nerve cells
- generate all neurons and glial cells of nervous system
neuroepithelium
lining of neural tube formed by neuroblasts or nerve cells
- generate all neurons and glial cells of nervous system
neural crest
generated by neuroepithelium
- outside neural tube, sensory and autonomic neurons in PNS
central sulcus
divides frontal and parietal lobes
lateral sulcus
delineates temporal lobe below frontal and parietal lobes
primary motor cortex
connects to the muscles of the body
strip
represents body map
magnification factor
cortical space projected by an area of language production
aphasia
damage of Broca’s area = inability to produce/understand words
primary sensory cortex
strip of cerebral tissue behind central sulcus engaged in sensory reception of bodily sensations
wernicke’s area
language area in temporal lobe
arcuate fasciculus
connects wernicke’s and Broca’s speech areas
limbic system
network of nuclei - learning & emotion
fornix
nerve fibre tract connecting hippocampus to mammillary bodies
cingulate gyrus
part of limbic system
globus pallidus
nucleus of basal ganglia
medulla oblongata
above spinal cord
- processes breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing, sneezing
immunocytochemistry
makes it possible to see selected neurons that are affected by growth
- staining tissue (brain) using antibodies
lesion studies
surgical removal of brain section to study its effects on behaviour or function
event - related potential
physiological measures of large electrical change in the brain produced by sensory stimulation or motor responses