Research Designs Flashcards
components of statistical investigation
- Planning Study- decide how to collect data
- Examining Data- is it reliable and valid?
- Inferring from Data- draw inferences beyond data
- Drawing Conclusions- cause and effect
distributional thinking
ways to organize and examine data
- Data varies
- Analyzing pattern of variation (distribution) reveals insights
statistical significance
P-value: how to tell a random process would you give a result at least as extreme as what was found in the study.
- Low P-value means study provides strong evidence
- If P-value is less than 0.5, than random chance hypothesis is rejected
Generalized
whether results of sample group can be generalized to bigger populations
random sample
gives everyone equal chance of being selected for the sample
margin of error
expected amount of random variation in a statistic
random assignment
randomly assigning individuals to groups
- balances out variables
- produces groups as similar as possible except for topic of study
experimental research
researchers manipulate the independent values and observe/measure how they affect the dependent variable
operational definitions
how researchers measure a concept
placebo effect
when someone knows they are receiving special treatment, can cause changes in behaviour
participant demand
participants behave in a way they think the experimenter wants them to behave
double blind procedure
neither participant or experimenter knows which condition the participant is in
positive correlation
2 variables go up or down together
negative correlation
2 variables move in opposite directions
weak correlation
if correlation has many exceptions
- r-value is 0 or close to 0
ex: -0.83 is a large negative correlation (age and brith year….older people have lower birth years but increased age)….opposite directions
