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psych 100 > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

physical processing of environmental stimuli by the sense organs

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2
Q

transduction

A

physical energy (light/sound) converted into form of energy the brain can understand

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3
Q

perception

A

making sense of the stimuli

  • psychological process of interpreting sensory info
    ex: identify gas leak in house, song reminds you of a specific friend
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4
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense

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5
Q

signal detection

A

how we measure absolute thresholds

*method for studying the ability to correctly identify sensory stimuli

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6
Q

false alarm

A

indicating a sound was heard when one wasn’t played

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7
Q

correct rejection

A

correctly identifying a sound when one wasn’t played

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8
Q

differential threshold or JND

A

just noticeable difference

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9
Q

Weber’s law

A

states that noticeable differences is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus
* the bigger the stimulus, the larger the difference

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10
Q

bottom-up processing

A

building up to perceptual experience from individual pieces

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11
Q

top-down processing

A

experience influencing the perception of stimuli

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12
Q

sensory adaptation

A

decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant stimulus
ex: weight of clothes, scratches of glasses

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13
Q

vision

A

we see light that bounces off an object and into our eyes

  • enters eye though pupil
  • light passes through lens
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14
Q

retina

A

lens that light passes through

- light is transacted, or converted into electrical signals by cells called photoreceptors

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15
Q

photoreceptors

A

rods- see in dim light (at night)

cones - see colour and detail in brighter light

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16
Q

passage of light

A

optic nerve -> through thalamus-> to primary visual cortex

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17
Q

primary visual cortex

A

info about light orientation and movement begin to come together

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18
Q

agnosia

A

damage to these areas result in the loss of ability to perceive stimuli

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19
Q

ventral pathway

A

pathway of visual processing

- the “what” pathway

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20
Q

dorsal pathway

A

the “where” pathway

- processes location & movement

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21
Q

dark adaptation

A

adjustment of eye to low levels of light

22
Q

light adaptations

A

adjustment of eyes to high levels of light

  • large number of rods and cones are bleached at once, causing us to be blinded for a few seconds
  • red light doesn’t bleach rods
23
Q

trichromatic theory

A

proposes that colour vision is influenced by 3 different cones responding to red, blue, and green

24
Q

opponent-process theory

A

theory proposing colour vision as influenced by cells responsive to pairs of colour

  • our cones send info to retinal ganglion cells that respond to :
  • red-green
  • blue-yellow
  • black-white
25
Q

sound waves

A

changing in air pressure; physical stimulus for audition

26
Q

audition

A

ability to process auditory info

27
Q

pinna

A

outermost portion of the ear (part you can see)

28
Q

auditory canal

A

tube runs from outer ear to middle ear

29
Q

tympanic membrane

A

stretched membrane in middle ear that vibrates In response to sound (aka eardrum)

  • vibrates against three smallest bones in body
    1. malleus (hammer)
    2. incus (anvil)
    3. stapes (stirrup)
  • amplifies sound
30
Q

cochlea

A

spiral bone structure in inner ear containing audition hair cells
- fluid filled

31
Q

auditory hair cells

A

receptors in cochlea that transduce sound into electrical potentials

  • arranged on basilar membrane
  • humans can detect sounds from 20Hz to 20kHz
32
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

processes auditory stimuli (temporal lobe)

- tonotopic organization of cochlea maintained here

33
Q

vestibular system

A

parts of inner ear involved in balance

  • made of three semi circular canals (fluid filled bone structures containing cells responding to changes in the heads orientation in space
  • allows us to maintain our gaze on smt while in motion
34
Q

disturbances in system

A

= vertigo

35
Q

somatosensation

A

ability to sense touch , pain, and temperature

* transduce physical stimulus into electrical potentials that can be processed in the brain

36
Q

tactile sensations

A

associated with texture

- transduced by mechanoreceptors

37
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

strip of cerebral tissue just behind the central sulcus engaged in sensory reception of bodily sensations

38
Q

somatotopic map

A

organization of primary soma cortex, maintaining a representation to the arrangement of the body

39
Q

nociception

A

ability to sense pain

- protects against harm

40
Q

phantom limbs

A

perception that a missing limb still exists

phantom limb pain - pain that a limb no longer exists…nerves still sending messages to the brain

41
Q

chemical senses (smell and taste)

A

ability to process smell and taste

  • olfaction (smell), gustation (taste)
  • require transduction of chemical stimuli into electrical potentials
42
Q

odorants

A

chemicals transduced by olfactory receptors

43
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

organ containing olfactory receptors

* bind as a lock and key does

44
Q

shape theory of olfaction

A

theory proposing that odourants of different size and shape correspond to different smells

45
Q

anosmia

A

loss of ability to smell

  • happens from head trauma
  • severs convection btw receptors and projections
  • happens in boxers
46
Q

taste receptor cells

A

transduce gustatory info

* taste buds are not the bumps on your tongue, they are in the divots around the bumps

47
Q

tastants

A

chemicals transduced

  • binding of chemicals with taste receptors result in our perception of 5 basic tastes
  • sweet, salty, sour, bitter, unami (savoury)
48
Q

flavour

A

combination of smell and taste

49
Q

multimodal perception

A

effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world

50
Q

supper additive effect of multi sensory integration

A

finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component if it were presented on its own

51
Q

Principle of inverse effectiveness

A

for a multimodal stimulus, if the response to each unimodal component (on its own) is weak, then the opportunity for multi-sensory enhancement is very large

  • however, if one component is sufficient by itself, then the effect on the response gained by a simultaneously processing of the other components will be relatively small
52
Q

mcGurk effect

A

what you see clashes with what you hear

psych 100 (24 decks)

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