States of Consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

awareness of ourselves and environment

Question 2

subconscious

Answer 2

some of our memories and basic motivations are not always accessible to our conscious mind

Question 3

cues

Answer 3

stimulus w significance to perceiver

- automatically elicits a response

Question 4

priming

Answer 4

activation of certain thoughts or feelings that make them easier to think of and act upon
ex: having someone drink from warm glass resulted in behaving more “warmly”

Question 5

Implicit Associations Test

Answer 5

IAT

• computer reaction time test that measures a person’s automatic associations w concepts
  ex: could be used to measure how quickly a person makes positive or negative evaluations of members of various ethnic groups

Question 6

high awareness

Answer 6

effortless attention and careful decision making

Question 7

mindfulness

Answer 7

process that reflects nonjudgemental, yet attentive mental state

Question 8

flexible correction model

Answer 8

ability for people to correct or change their beliefs and evaluations if they believe these judgements have been biased

Question 9

Low vs High awareness

Answer 9

high low
pros - can overcome biases - saves mental effort
cons - uses mental effort - influenced by subtle factors

Question 10

hypnosis

Answer 10

discovered by Franz Mesmer

• used to treat members of elite society who were experiencing psychological distress
• mental state characterized by reduced peripheral awareness and increased focus on a singular stimulus

*more empathy = more susceptible to hypnosis

Question 11

mesmerize

Answer 11

entrance or transfix a persons attention

Question 12

animal magnetism

Answer 12

universal force (similar to gravity)
- operates through all human bodies

Question 13

dissociation

Answer 13

separation of one’s awareness from everything besides what one is centrally focused on

• focus so hard on one thing and notices nothing else
• wouldn’t do anything that you wouldn’t do in natural state

Question 14

hypnotherapy

Answer 14

use of hypnotic techniques such as relaxation and suggestion to help engineer change such as lower pain or quit smoking
- evidence shows it can treat chronic pain

Question 15

trance states

Answer 15

“out-of-body” possession

• acute dissociation between one’s self and the current physical environment surrounding them
• less voluntary control
• religious states - possession (communication w greater power)

Question 16

sleep

Answer 16

lack full awareness but brain is active

Question 17

melatonin

Answer 17

hormone associated w drowsiness & sleep

Question 18

cardiac rhythm

Answer 18

physiological sleep-wake cycle

• influenced by exposure to sunlight and daily activity
• change in body temperature, blood temperature, blood sugar

Question 19

jet lag

Answer 19

difficulty adjusting to new time zone

- overcome by exposing to sunlight

Question 20

beta waves

Answer 20

marks brain activity when awake

• high frequency, low intensity
• most inconsistent brain wave

Question 21

alpha wave

Answer 21

less frequent, more consistent, more intense

Question 22

4 stages of sleep

Answer 22

N1 - falling asleep, marked by theta waves

N2 - light sleep, high intensity brain waves…processing memory, 55% of all sleep

N3 - greater muscle relaxation, delta waves
*20-25% of all sleep

REM sleep - marked by rapid eye movement

• brain activity similar to wakefulness
• waves occur less intensely
• 20% of all sleep
• dreaming

Question 23

3 categories of drugs

Answer 23

1. hallucinogens
2. depressants
3. stimulants

Question 24

hallucinogens

Answer 24

traditional societies have used plant based

• substances that alter a person’s perspective
• often create hallucinations that aren’t real
  ex: marijuna, LSD, MDMA(ecstacy)

Question 25

depressants

Answer 25

slow down body’s physiology and mental processes
alcohol - most widely used depressant
BAC - when reaches .3% to .4%….. serious risk of death
others include - opiates (narcotics) which are highly addictive

Question 26

stimulants

Answer 26

speed up body’s physiology & mental processes
caffeine & nicotine - increase awareness….90% of lung cancer from smoking
cocaine & methamphetamine - blocks re-uptake of dopamine in brain… dopamine buildup in synapse creates euphoria (highly addictive)