The Nervous System Flashcards
An involuntary response that may involve as few as two neurons
Reflex
Most common movement disorder
tremors
Low-frequency unilateral resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are signs of:
Parkinson disease
High-frequency, bilateral, upper extremity tremors that occur with both limb movement and sustained posture and subside when the limb in relaxed; head, voice, and leg tremor may also be present
Essential tremors
Common or Concerning symptoms - Neurological history
- headache - dizziness or vertigo - weakness (generalized, proximal, or distal) - numbness, abnormal or absent sensation - fainting or blacking out (near syncope and syncope) - seizures - tremors or involuntary movements
Stroke is the _________ leading cause of death in the US and a leading cause of ______ ______ ___________.
4th
long term disability
What is the ABCD2 scoring system used to predict?
incidence of ischemic stroke within 2, 7 and 90 days after a TIA
What does the mnemonic ABCD2 stand for?
A-Age >/= 60 years
B-Blood pressure (initial) >/= 140/90
C- Clinical features of focal weakness or impaired speech without focal weakness
D- Duration 10 to 59 minutes or >/= 60 minutes
D- Diabetes
A 76-year old patient arrives at the office with his wife with complaints of episodes of slurred speech, word-finding difficulties and numbness in his arm. The first priority in management is: a) tell him to take an aspirin right away b) order a CT scan c) send him to the ER d) perform and EKG
C - send him to the ER ASA is incorrect if you are concerned for stroke and you are not sure if it is hemorrhagic of ischemic CT scan is reasonable, but should be done emergently upon admit to the ER EKG would be applicable for chest pan
What is the first symptoms seen in the majority of Parkinson’s patients? a) intention tremor b) bradykinesia c) rest tremor d) rigidity
C- rest tremor asymmetric tremor at rest is usually seen in one hand as a presenting symptoms for PD. Intention tremor is also know as essential tremor and presents symmetrically in a different population. The other symptoms are seen later in the disease
How often is a stroke caused by cerbrovascular ischemia?
87%
How often is a stroke caused by hemorrhage?
13%
Difficulty speaking - difficulty forming words
Dysarthria
Impaired speech
Dysphasia
Inability to perform a previously learned action
Apraxia
The patient is unable to form words that are understandable yet can speak in single-work responses
Expressive aphasia
The patient is unable to comprehend the spoken word and can speak but may not make sense
Receptive aphasia