Behavior and Mental Health Flashcards
“Tangential” speech with shifting topics that are loosely connected or unrelated. The patient is unaware of the lack of association.
Derailment (loosening of associations)
Derailment is seen in schizophrenia, manic episodes, and other psychotic disorders
What are the key features of personality disorders?
Long-term, chronic, enduring, pervasive pattern
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Odd or Eccentric Disorders
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizoitypal
A 40-year-old female bank teller has recently been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder by her therapist. Which of the following symptoms characterize this disorder?
a) ritualistic behaviors that the patient feels compelled to repeat
b) increased anxiety when attempting to ignore or suppress the repetitive behaviors
c) frequent intrusive and repetitive thoughts and impulses
d) all of the above
d - all of the above
OCD is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). Often the person carries out the behaviors to get rid of the obsessive thoughts, but this only provides temporary relief. Not performing obsessive rituals can cause great anxiety.
When testing for aphasia, you ask the patient to follow a one-stage command such as “point to your nose.” This assesses for:
Word comprehension
What personality disorder has these central features: disregard for and exploitation of the rights of others (repeatedly performs acts that are grounds for arrest)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A complex symbolic system for expressing, receiving , and comprehending words; as with consciousness, attention and membory, this is essential for assessing other mental functions
Language
A more pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the person’s perception of the world.
** May be euthymic (in the normal range), elevated or dysphoric (unpleasant, possibly as sad, anxious, or irritable), for example
Mood (Affect is to mood as weather is to climate)
Repetition of the words and phrases of others
Echolalia
Echolalia occurs in manic episodes and schizophrenia
Screening questions for depression
- Over the past 2 weeks, have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
- Over the past 2 weeks, have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things (anhedonia)?
What personality disorder has these central features:
attention-seeking with excessive emotionality (uncomfortable when not the center of attention)
Histrionic Personality Disorder
What personality disorder has these central features: instability in relationships, identity, behavior, and affect (unstable and overly intense interpersonal relationships, highly impulsive)
Borderline Personality Disorder
An almost continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from one topic to the next. Changes are based on understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli, but ideas are not well connected.
Flight of Ideas
Flight of ideas is most frequently noted in maic episodes.
A fluctuating pattern of observable behaviors that expresses subjective feelings or emotions through tone of voice facial expression, and demeanor
Disturbed may be flat, blunted, labile, or inappropriate
Affect
What personality disorder has these central features: general distrust and suspiciousness (suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him/her)
Paranoid Personality Disorder
What personality disorder has these central features:
submissive and clinging behavior related to excessive needs to be taken cared of (urgently and indiscriminately seeks another relationship when a close relationship ends)
Dependent
Fabrication of facts or events in response to questions, to fill in the gaps from impaired memory.
Confabulation
Confabulation is seen in Korsakoff syndrome from alcoholism
What is the DSM-5?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition
Resource used by clinicians for official diagnostic criteria for menal health disorders
What personality disorder has these central features: detachment from others, restricted range of emotional expression (neither desires nor enjoys close relationships)
Schizoid Personality Disorder
What personality disorder has these central features:
arrogance, need for admiration, and grandiosity (elevated and unrealistic sense of self-importance, lack of empathy)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
(Note: both narcissistic and antisocial have a lack of empathy)
What personality disorder has these central features:
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control (preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost)
Obsessive-compulsive
What personality disorder has these central features:
social inhibition and hypersensitivity to criticism and rejection (avoids social and occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact due to insecurities and anxieties)
Avoidant Personality Disorder
What personality disorder has these central features: discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors (odd beliefs, magical thinking, and unusual perceptual experiences)
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
