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Clinical Anatomy > The nervous system > Flashcards

The nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS consists of

A

peripheral ganglia and nerves

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3
Q

What do cranial nerves serve?

A

head region

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4
Q

What do spinal nerves serve?

A

serve neck, trunk and extremities

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5
Q

somatic

A

neurons that supply body wall structures: skin and skeletal muscles

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6
Q

autonomic

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons that supply visceral areas (smooth muscles, glands, cardiac)

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7
Q

efferent

A

motor components

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8
Q

afferent

A

sensory, but not necessarily conscious perception

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9
Q

how are neurons postmitotic cells?

A

they don’t divide further

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10
Q

three types of neuron structures

A

bipolar, unipolar and multipolar

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11
Q

three functional classifications of neurons

A

sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons

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12
Q

what are 99% of neurons

A

interneurons

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13
Q

What is nucleus in CNS?

A

cluster of neurons cell bodies

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14
Q

what is tract in CNS?

A

group of axons

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15
Q

what is ganglion in PNS?

A

cluster of neuron cell bodies

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16
Q

What is nerve in PNS?

A

group of axons

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17
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies

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18
Q

white matter

A

axons

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19
Q

plexus

A

region where mixing of nerve fibers into new groups occurs

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20
Q

what are the main components of the brain?

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, corpus callosum, brain stem?

21
Q

what makes up the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

22
Q

what is each cerebral hemisphere divided into?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

23
Q

frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex, prefrontal working memory and speech

24
Q

parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex

25
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cord

26
Q

temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex, important for memory

27
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

28
Q

where do the cranial nerves originate? where do they lead?

A

brain/ lead to head, neck, trunk

29
Q

first three cranial nerves

A

olfactory (1), optic (2), oculomotor (III)

30
Q

olfactory

A

sensory/smell

31
Q

optic

A

sensory/vision

32
Q

oculomotor

A

motor-eye movements

parasympathetic constriction of pupil

33
Q

2nd four cranial nerves

A

trochlear (IV), trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), and facial (VII)

34
Q

trochlear nerve

A

motor, eye muscle

35
Q

trigeminal (V(

A

motor muscle of mastication/ sensory head and facer

36
Q

abducens

A

motor-eye mucsle

37
Q

facial (VII)

A

motor muscles of face, parasympathetic lacrimal, salivary and nasal glands

38
Q

cranial nerves eight and nine?

A

vestibulocochlear and glossopharyngeal

39
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

balance (vestibular, head position and movement, hearing (cochlear)

40
Q

glossopharyngeal (IX)

A

some taste fibres and other sensory fibres lining throat/ parasympathetic involved with blood pressure.

41
Q

10 11, 12 cranial nerves

A

vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

42
Q

vagus

A

motor to larynx pharynx and soft palate for swallowing, parasympathetic to gut for gastric secretion and moment. slows heart rate. afferent from thoracic and abdominal visceral

43
Q

accesory

A

motor, sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

44
Q

hypoglossal

A

tongue muscles

45
Q

cranial nerves 10-12

A

vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

46
Q

vagus

A

motor to larynx, pharynx, and soft palate. parasympathetic to gut for gastric secretion and movement. slows heart rate. afferent from thoracic and abdominal viscera.

47
Q

accessory nerve

A

motor, sternodeidomastoid and trapezius

48
Q

hypoglossal

A

tongue muscles

Clinical Anatomy (19 decks)

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