Parasympathetic Outflow

Question 1

why is the Parasympathetic Nervous system called the craniosacral part of the ANS?

Answer 1

because it takes origin from both neurons in the brain stem and neurons in the sacral part of the spinal cord.

Question 2

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from cranial division run via:

Answer 2

oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, vagus nerve (75% of innervation) and also glossopharyngeal nerve?

Question 3

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from sacral division run via:

Answer 3

the S2-4 spinal cord

Question 4

Are all visceral regions dually innervated?

Answer 4

no, for example the overall vasculature and sweat glands to skin have no parasympathetic innervation