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BL1004 > the nervous system > Flashcards

the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three functions of the nervous system

A

sensory input, integration and motor output

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2
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that transfer information within the body

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3
Q

ganglia

A

simple clusters of neurons instead of a brain in simple organisms

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4
Q

what is the function of a neuron ?

A

transmission of signals

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

what are dendrites

A

branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons

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7
Q

What is the axon?

A

longer extension than the dendrites transmitting signals

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8
Q

where are most of a neurons organelles?

A

in the cell body

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

what are glia cells

A

support the neuron and are for structural integrity and function

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11
Q

what is membrane potential?

A

a voltage(difference in electrical charge) accross its plasma membrane

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12
Q

how are messages transmitted?

A

as changes in membrane potential

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13
Q

what is the resting potential?

A

the membrane potential of a neuron not sending signals. ion pumps and ion channels maintain the resting potential of a neuron. K+ higher inside, Na+ higher outside.

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14
Q

what is the refractory period a result of?

A

a temporary inactivation of the Na+ channels.

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15
Q

refractory period

A

is a period of normal repolarization when the Na+K+ pump restores the membrane to its original polarized condition. It prevents the backward signal transmission

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16
Q

how does the action potential travel

A

regenerating itself along the axon

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17
Q

what direction to action potentials travel?

A

travel in only one direction toward the synaptic terminals

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18
Q

what causes action potentials speed to increase?

A

the axons diameter
and the myelin sheath

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19
Q

where are action potentials formed?

A

only at nodes of Ranvier, gaps between shwann cells in the myelin sheath

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20
Q

saltatory conduction

A

jumping between the nodes of Ranvier

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21
Q

synapse

A

is a junction between cells controlling communication

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22
Q

electric synapses

A

direct current flow between neurons

23
Q

chemical synapses

A

neurotransmitter carries information across the synapse

24
Q

presynaptic cell

A

releases neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles

25
Q

what causes the release of the neurotransmitter

A

the action potential

26
Q

postsynaptic cell

A

receives signals

27
Q

what happens neurotransmitters after release?

A

can diffuse, be reabsorbed or degraded

28
Q

Cephalization

A

is the clustering of sensory organs at the front end of the body

29
Q

central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

30
Q

grey matter

A

contains cell bodies and dendrites

31
Q

white matter

A

contains myelinated axons

32
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

transmits information the the CNS. includes cranial and spinal nerves
two components: motor system& autonomic nervous system

33
Q

reflex

A

the bodys automatic response to a stimulus

34
Q

afferent neurons

A

transmit information to the CNS

35
Q

efferent neurons

A

transmit information away from the CNS

36
Q

what does the brainstem do?

A

coordinates and conducts information between brain centers

37
Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem ?

A

the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata

38
Q

the midbrain

A

sensory integration

39
Q

the pons

A

breathing regulation

40
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls vital functions

41
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates motor functions
involved in learning motor skills

42
Q

what is the diencephalon ?

A

the epithalamus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus

43
Q

epithalamus

A

produces cerebrospinal fluid

44
Q

thalamus

A

processes sensory and motor information

45
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates homeostasis and survival behaviours

46
Q

cerebrum

A

two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum.
four lobes: frontal, temporal, occipital & parietal.
controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions

47
Q

what system processes emotions

A

the limbic system

48
Q

what is the limbic system?

A

Is a ring of structures around the brainstem that includes the amygdala, hippocampus and parts of the thalamus.

49
Q

where is emotional memory stored?

A

the amygdala

50
Q

what part of brain is short term memory?

A

the hippocampus

51
Q

where is long term memory stored?

A

the cerebral cortex

52
Q

what is the main input centre for sensory information to the cerebrum?

A

Thalamus

53
Q

what is the simplest type of nervous system arrangement found in cnidarians?

A

nerve net

BL1004 (13 decks)

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