photosynthesis Flashcards
kleptoplasty
animals incorporating chloroplasts from food into their digestive tract
Chloroplast structure
Double membrane structure.
chloroplast DNA
thylakoid membranes(stacked in grana)
internal lumen
stroma
chlorophyll on thylakoid membranes
van helmont’s experiment
5 year willow tree experiment showed minimal soil loss despite significant plant growth. Concluded biomass came from water.
priestley’s contributions to photosynthesis
discovered oxygen, demonstrated relationship between plants and air quality. invented carbonated water
mixotrophic
partially autotrophic
what is in a photostem ?
chlorophyll organised as antennae
reaction centre
primary electron acceptor
chemiosmosis
movement of protons accross a selectively permeable membrane and against an electrochemical gradient.
what drives photo-phosphorylation?
chemiosmosis
C4 metabolism
adaptations that increase leaf CO2 concentrations without increasing transpiration.
all available CO2 in a small group of cells.
Calvin-cycle prefaced with C4 cycle
C4 photosynthesis
C4 cycle before calvin cycle (C3)
Function linked to structure in C4 plants
Bundle sheath cells fixate CO2 through Calvin-cycle
Rest of mesophyll collects CO2 and transports it as C4 to bundle sheath
C4 plants
hot dry areas,
Maize, sugarcane, millet and sorghum
CAM metabolism
C4 acids accumulate during night in vacuoles. CO2 released during the day. Decreases water loss during hot/dry day. Temporal rather than spatial separation C3 and C4 cycles.
what way are c4 plants adapted?
to low CO2 levels and are heat/drought adapted
Mitochondrial respiration
Cellular respiration converts chemical energy contained in complex molecules to ATP.
