reproduction

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

requires 1 parent organism

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

requires 2 parent organisms and the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 3

fission

Answer 3

the separation of a parent into two or more individuals of approximately the same size

Question 4

parthenogenesis

Answer 4

a process in which an egg develops without being fertilized

Question 5

semelparity

Answer 5

single reproductive episode before death

Question 6

iteroparity

Answer 6

multiple reproductive episodes over life span

Question 7

simultaneous hermaphroditism

Answer 7

self-fertilisation - both gametes present

Question 8

sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 8

protandrous: male first
protogynous: female first

Question 9

Oviparity

Answer 9

eggs laid outside the body

Question 10

Ovoviviparity

Answer 10

eggs hatch in mothers uterus. nutrients stored in egg

Question 11

vivipartity

Answer 11

no eggs. embryo develops inside the mother

Question 12

what are some examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 12

fission, budding, fragmentation and parthenogenesis

Question 13

explain external fertilisation

Answer 13

eggs shed by the female are fertilised by sperm in the external environment

Question 14

explain internal fertilization

Answer 14

sperm are deposited in or near the female reproductive tract, fertilization occurs within the tract

Question 15

what are reproductive cycles controlled by?

Answer 15

hormones and environmental cues

Question 16

mammalian reproduction: males

Answer 16

the testes consist of many highly coiled tubes surrounded by several layers of connective tissue. the tupers are seminiferous tubules where sperm form. The sperm pass into the coiled tubules of the epididymis.

Question 17

what happens during ejacualtion in males?

Answer 17

sperm are propelled through the muscular vas deferens, the ejactulatory duct, and exit the penis through the urethra

Question 18

what are the glands in the male reproductive system?

Answer 18

seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland

Question 19

Seminal vesicles

Answer 19

behind the bladder. Contributes about 60% of the total volume of semen

Question 20

The prostate gland

Answer 20

Secretes its products directly into the urethra through several small ducts.

Question 21

the bulbourethral gland

Answer 21

secretes a clear mucus before ejaculation that neutralises acidic urine remaining in the urethra

Question 22

what does seman consist of ?

Answer 22

sperm cells
fructose and other energy sources for the sperm
acid-base buffers that create a suitable environment for the sperm

Question 23

testosterone

Answer 23

sperm production, secondary sex characteristics and sex drive

Question 24

the ovaries

Answer 24

lie in the abdominal cavity. each ovary is enclosed by a tough capsule and contains many follicles

Question 25

what does a follicle consist of?

Answer 25

one egg cell surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells

Question 26

what does ovulation do?

Answer 26

expels the egg cell from the follicle

Question 27

corpus luteum

Answer 27

secretes hormones depending on whether or not pregnancy occurs

Question 28

estrogen

Answer 28

involved in ovulation and pregnancy

Question 29

progesterone

Answer 29

prepares uterus for pregnancy

Question 30

what happens if the oocyte in the oviduct is not fertilised?

Answer 30

the corpus luteum degenerates

Question 31

what happens if fertilisation occurs?

Answer 31

the corpus luteum grows and continues to secrete hormones.

Question 32

what does estrogen secreted by follicles and corpus luteum stimulate the growth of

Answer 32

the endometrium of the uterus and the production of progesterone receptors in the endometrium

Question 33

why is the corpus luteum essential?

Answer 33

for establishing conditions that permit pregnancy and implantation

Question 34

describe the acrosome reaction

Answer 34

when sperm makes contact with the eggs plasma membrane, it triggers a release of calcium from internal organelles starting at the point of sperm entry. Changes membrane potential of egg, prevents other sperm from fusing with egg