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BL1004 > immune system > Flashcards

immune system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary function of the immune response ?

A

to find and destroy invading infectious agents and reduce to a minimum the damage they cause.

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2
Q

what does an immune response involve?

A

Recognising the invader and mounting a reaction against it to eliminate it

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3
Q

what are infectous agents ?

A

viruses and bacteria. worms, fleas, lice and ticks

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4
Q

where do viruses and many bacteria and protozoa replicate?

A

inside cells

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5
Q

what diseases are caused by extracellular bacteria, parasites and fungi?

A

pneumonia
tetanus
sleeping sickness

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6
Q

what diseases are caused by intracellular bacteria and parasites?

A

leprosy
leishmaniasis
malaria

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7
Q

what diseases are caused by viruses

A

smallpox
flu
chickenpox

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8
Q

what diseases are caused by parasitic worms?

A

ascariasis
schistosomiasis

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9
Q

external defense

A

most important
first line of defense.
skin impenetrable barrier to pathogens
very tight gap junction between cells
microbiome

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10
Q

Inflammatory response

A

increased blood supply to the infected area.
increased permeability of capillaries- allowing escape of larger molecules and cells.
migration of leukocytes out of venules into surrounding tissues.

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11
Q

leukocytes

A

mostly neutrophils but later monocytes and lymphocytes

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12
Q

innate immunity

A

native immunity. In place before infection occurs. Rapid response. Physical barriers, cellular and soluble. Non specific and no memory

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13
Q

innate immunity- cells

A

myeloid line
cells are phagocytes
polymorhonuclear granulocytes

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14
Q

innate immunity- soluble factors

A

proteins and peptides
completent 30 proteins
lytic, opsonins,chemotactic
interferons
protect cells against invasion by viruses

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15
Q

opsonin

A

a macromolecules that becomes attached to the surface of a microbe and can be recognised by surface receptors of neutrophils and macrophages and increases the efficiency of phagocytosis

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16
Q

opsonisation

A

the process of attaching opsonins such as igg or complement fragments to microbial surfaces to target the microbes for phagocytosis

17
Q

APC

A

antigen presenting cells

18
Q

Adaptive immune response

A

very specific response with memory
triggered by antigen presentation

19
Q

what do myeloid cells give rise to?

A

Myeloid cells give rise to red blood cells, granulocytes, monocytes and platelets

20
Q

what do lymphoid cells give rise to?

A

lymphocytes and natural killer cells

21
Q

HR

A

an antibody mediated response that occurs when foreign material antigens are detected in the body

22
Q

antigen

A

a molecule that reacts with preformed antibody at the specific receptors on T and B cells. most are proteins

23
Q

epitope

A

the portion of the antigen which combines with the antibdoy

24
Q

antibody

A

a molecules produced by animals in response to antigen

25
Q

antibody antigen complex

A

particular property of combining specifically with the antigen that induced its formation

26
Q

what does the T helper cells do?

A

organises both cellular and humoural response

27
Q

T cells

A

thymus derived.
T helper cells (master of adaptive response)
T cytolytic

28
Q

B cells

A

Produced in bone marrow
mature in bone marrow
produce humoural response
memory cells survive a long time

29
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

30
Q

who invented the vaccine?

A

edward jenner

31
Q

epidemic

A

sudden increase in prevalence

32
Q

prevalence

A

% of population infected

33
Q

pandemic

A

epidemic occurring over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries

34
Q

endemic

A

the constant presence of a disease within a specified geographical area, low prevalence

35
Q

hyperendemic

A

constant disease but at very high prevalence and in all age groups

36
Q

novel pathogen

A

pathogen entering a population which has no herd-immunity to that specific pathogen

37
Q

lethality

A

refers to mortality rather than morbidity

38
Q

infection fatality rate

A

percent of infected cases that die

39
Q

zoonosis

A

micro or macro parasite transmissible between vertebrate animal to man

BL1004 (13 decks)

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