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Drugs and Behavior > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the neuron

A

dendrites
soma/cell body
axon hillock
axon
myelin
Node of Ranvier
axon terminal- axon collaterals
synapse

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2
Q

dendrites

A

finger-like projections that have receptors
receive neurotransmitters

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3
Q

axon hillock

A

where the soma and axon join
action potential starts

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4
Q

myelin

A

insulation surrounding the axon
allows the electrical signal to travel down smoothly

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5
Q

terminal buttons

A

vesicles- package of chemical information
neurotransmitters travel between the presynaptic cleft (release zone) and to postsynaptic receptors

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6
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

exposed axon in between myelin cells
allows cell to interact with the extracellular fluid

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7
Q

glial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia

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8
Q

astrocytes

A

help form the blood brain barrier
regulate neurotransmission

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9
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

create myelin (CNS)
hold the cell in place

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10
Q

microglia

A

remove cellular waste (phagocytosis)
major part of immune system in CNS

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11
Q

2 types of microglia

A

M1 and M2

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12
Q

M1

A

release chemicals that promote inflammation
can damage blood brain barrier

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13
Q

M2

A

release chemicals that reduce inflammation & promote growth and development of cells

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14
Q

autonomic systems

A

sympathetic system
parasympathetic system
enteric system

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15
Q

sympathetic system

A

emergencies, energy expenditure, highly aroused states
increase heart beat, inhibits digestion, open airways

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16
Q

parasympathetic system

A

relaxed states
decrease heart rate, stimulates digestion, slows respiration

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17
Q

enteric system

A

controls digestion
gut & brain communicate

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18
Q

autonomic system activation

A

both sympathetic & parasympathetic systems contain ganglia
neurons in the spinal cord send signals to other (postganglionic) neurons

19
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of cell bodies

20
Q

primary neurotransmitter (NT) of autonomic neurosystem

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

21
Q

other peripheral nerves: the cranial nerves

A

structures lower in the brain (the medulla)- sends signals to the cranial nerves

22
Q

cranial nerve

A

broadly devoted to movement and sensations of the head

23
Q

vagus nerve (X)

A

sends & receives signals from the body (heart, liver, lungs, intestines)
primary line of communication between enteric NS & CNS

24
Q

divisions of the CNS

A

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

25
Q

hindbrain

A

myelencephalon
metencephalon

26
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

27
Q

forebrain

A

diencephalon
telencephalon

28
Q

medulla

A

controls the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
breathing, heart rate, vomiting, sneezing, etc.
damage to the medulla=really bad news!

29
Q

narcotics and depressants inhibit behavior of medulla

A

mixing (even safe amounts) of different depressants can produce synergistic effects

30
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis- endocrine system
motivation (the 4 F’s of survival)
direct influence on the medulla & ANS

31
Q

hypothalamus regulates

A

the pituitary gland & pineal gland
both part of the endocrine system

32
Q

the 4 F’s of survival

A

feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornicating

33
Q

thalamus

A

the landmark that looks like a butt
sensory relay center in the brain
adjacent to: hypothalamus
drugs produce serotonin in the thalamus

34
Q

basal ganglia

A

learned motor movements
instrumentally learned behaviors
how to do things automatically
e.g. drive a car, type on a keyboard, inject and IV drug

35
Q

the limbic system: emotional behaviors

A

contains many structures that are involved in emotional processing

36
Q

amygdala is often involved in

A

fear & aggression

37
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

anterior to the amygdala
the brain’s reward center

38
Q

cerebral cortex (neocortex)

A

“higher” order functioning
functionally divided

39
Q

occipital lobe

A

back of brain

40
Q

temporal lobe

A

above your ears
drum keeping temp
auditory processing and speech processing

41
Q

parietal

A

explicit planned motor movements
touch
egocentric judgements about space

42
Q

frontal lobe

A

front of brain

43
Q

cerebellum

A

is the butt
balance

Drugs and Behavior (9 decks)

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