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NCCPT 2022 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system (capable of transmitting information).

A

Neurons (nerve cell)

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2
Q

What is the thin tail-like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses?

A

Axon.

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3
Q

What are the three main components of a neuron?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Axon
  3. Dendrites
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4
Q

What is the core of the neuron that contains a nucleus, maintains the structure of the neuron, and provides energy to drive actions?

A

Cell body.

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5
Q

What is the “receiving” part of a neuron?

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

What are the three classifications of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory neurons
  2. Motor neurons
  3. Interneurons
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7
Q

Which nerve cells are involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information?

A

Sensory Neurons

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8
Q

Which nerve cells initiate muscle contraction or activate glands?

A

Motor Neurons

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9
Q

Which nerve cells connect neurons to other neurons?

A

Interneurons

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

What does the Central Nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

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12
Q

What division of the Nervous System receives sensory input and functions to organize, analyze, and process information?

A

The Central Nervous System

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13
Q

What division of the Nervous System is responsible for conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the Central Nervous System and regulating involuntary functions?

A

The Peripheral Nervous System

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14
Q

What are the three main parts of the human brain?

A
  1. The Cerebrum
  2. The Cerebellum
  3. The Brain Stem
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15
Q

What part of the brain is generally responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body? (Is the largest part of the brain and consists of two hemispheres)

A

The Cerebrum

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16
Q

In what part of the brain does most information processing happen?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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17
Q

In what part of the cerebrum does most information processing happen?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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18
Q

What part of the brain controls conscious motor coordination?

A

The Cerebellum

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19
Q

Name the three parts of the brain stem.

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
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20
Q

What role does the midbrain play?

l

A

The midbrain plays an important role in motor movement and the processing of auditory and visual information.

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21
Q

The pons links the medulla oblongata to the… ?

A

Thalmus

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22
Q

What functions is the pons responsible for?

A

Posture, facial movement, and sleep.

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23
Q

What part of the brain plays a prominent role in involuntary functions like coughing, sneezing, and swallowing along with functions of the heard and is located at the base of the brain stem?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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24
Q

What is the point of crossover of thenervous system in vertebrates located between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord?

A

Decussation

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25
Q

What are the four lobes that each hemisphere of the brain are divided into?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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26
Q

What are some of the functions of the left hemisphere of the brain?

A
  • Language
  • Logical processing
  • Science and math
  • Controls muscles on the right side
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27
Q

What are some of the functions of the right hemisphere of the brain?

A
  • Spatial perception
  • Creativity
  • Intuition
  • Controls muscles on the left side
28
Q

Which lobe of the brain is involved in motor control, emotion, and language?

A

Frontal lobe

29
Q

What region of the frontal lobe plans and coordinates movement?

A

Motor cortex

30
Q

What part of the frontal lobe is responsible for high-level thinking and language?

A

Prefrontal cortex

31
Q

Which lobe of the brain is involved in processing sensory information?

A

Parietal lobe

32
Q

What region of the parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensations like pain, temperature, and touch?

A

Somatosensory cortex

33
Q

Name the lobes and regions of the brain.

A
34
Q

Name three functions of the temporal lobe.

A
  1. Hearing
  2. Memory
  3. Emotion
35
Q

What region of the temporal lobe is responsible for hearing?

A

Auditory cortex

36
Q

What is the posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision?

A

Occipital lobe

37
Q

What is the specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception?

A

Visual cortex

38
Q

Name the regions of the brain.

A
39
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

Maintaining homeostasis.

40
Q

What is the term that referrs to the body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment through various processes, including pH, temperature, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure?

A

Homeostasis.

41
Q

What is the common name of the neural tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region of the vertebral column?

A

Spinal cord.

42
Q

Define cranial nerves.

A

The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain.

43
Q

Define spinal nerves.

A

Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward the periphery.

44
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

45
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the cervical spine?

A

8 pairs

46
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the thoracic spine?

A

12 pairs

47
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the lumbar spine?

A

5 pairs

48
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the sacral spine?

A

5 pairs

49
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the coccyx?

A

1 pair

50
Q

What is the difference between efferent neurons and afferent neurons?

A
  • Efferent neurons are motor neurons sending information from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement (E - Efferent, Exit)
  • Afferent neruons are sensory neurons sending information from a stimulus to the CNS (A - Afferent, Arrive)
51
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
52
Q

What are the further divisions of the motor division of the PNS?

A
  1. Somatic nervous system
  2. Autonomic nervous system
53
Q

What are the further divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
54
Q

Label the divisions of the nervous system:

A
55
Q

What is the information the body receives for processing (whether internal or external)?

A

Sensory Input

56
Q

What are the two types of sensory input?

A
  1. Internal
  2. External
57
Q

What is the perception or awareness of body movent or position in space called?

A

Proprioception

58
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Nerous system receptors responding to mechanical stimuli such as sound or touch.

59
Q

What are the three types of mechanoreceptors?

A
  1. Tactile receptors - collect and communicate sensations of touch.
  2. Proprioceptors - communicate the position of the body and movement
  3. Baroreceptors - collect and communicate changes in blood pressure
60
Q

What is myelin sheath?

A

The insullation around the axon of a neuron.

61
Q

A single motor neuron that corresponds to a group of contractable muscle fibers is called a… ?

A

Motor unit.

62
Q

A group of motor units that work together to cause muscle action is called a… ?

A

Motor unit pool.

63
Q

The input collected by receptors is translated into electrical signals called… (?)

A

Nerve impulses

64
Q

What is the way the brain works to affect responses to neural input? Neural input could be any information collected by the brain.

A

Sensory integration.

65
Q

Define Excitation-Contraction Coupling.

A

The physiological process of converting a neural impulse into a mechanical response.

66
Q

a. A nerve impulse sent to skeletal muscle fibers is called… (?)
b. An explosion of electrical activity caused by a neural impulse is… (?)

A

Action potential.

67
Q

What is the principle stating the strength of a neural electrical signal is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus so long as the neural threshold is achieved.

A

The all-or-none principle

NCCPT 2022 (11 decks)

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