The Nervous And Hormone system Flashcards
What is the CNS, Peripheral and Somatic nervous system made of and what do they do?
CNS: sorts out info received from senses and send messages to muscles and glands. (The brain and spinal chord)
Peripheral: transmits info to CNS (nerves)
Somatic: controls skeletal muscles (nerves)
What does the nervous system consist of?
The central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system and the Somatic nervous system
What are the three types of neuron?
Sensory, motor and relay
What do the sensory neurons do?
Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS
What does the brain do to this information ?
The brain interprets all the information and then send impulses along motor neurons to effectors, such as muscles that carry out the appropriate response
What are neurons?
The carry messages in the firm of electrical impulses
What are between neurons?
Gaps called synapses
What happens to the message at the synapses ??
The message is transferee across the gap as a chemical which may cause an impulse in the next neuron
Identify and describe the three parts of the brain
Cerebrum controls thinking and memory, biggest top part
Medulla controls heart rate and breathing, stick bit at the bottom
Cerebellum controls muscle co- ordination and balance is between the medulla and cerebrum
What is a reflex action?
A rapid response of danger that does not require thinking by the brain
Describe what happens during a reflex action
- An electrical impulse is carried from a sensory receptor to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
- The electrical impulse moves directly into a motor neuron via a relay neuron
- The motor neuron carries the signal to a muscle which moves the part of the body out of danger
What are endocrine glands?
Make and release hormones which act as chemical messengers
They are carried around the body by blood
What respond to the hormones?
Only target tissues as they have a specific receptor on their cell surface
What are hormones and receptors made of?
Protein and have complimentary shapes
Give an example of hormonal control
Blood glucose concentration regulation
Any change in blood glucose concentration is detected by the pancreas
If the blood glucose increases the hormone insulin is released and this causes glucose to be taken out of the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver
If blood glucose concentration decreases the hormone glucagon is released and glycogen is broken down bringing the blood glucose concentration back up to the optimum
