The nature and variety of living organisms Flashcards
Characteristics of living organisms (MRS GHREN)
- Movement
- Respiration
- Sensitivity (respond to surroundings)
- Grow
- Homeostasis (Control internal conditions)
- Reproduce
- Excretion
- Nutrition
What does eukaryotic mean?
Has membrane bound organelles
E.g. Animal cell has mitochondria, ribosomes and a nucleus
What does prokaryotic mean?
No membrane bound organelles
E.g. bacteria and viruses
Both animal and plant cells contain:
- Nucleus, controls the activities of the cell
- Cell membrane, controls entry and exit of substances into the cell
- Cytoplasm, where chemical reactions take place
- Mitochondria, where aerobic respiration takes place release energy
- Ribosomes, protein synthesis
Plant cell only:
Vacuole - filled with cell sap contains dissolved sugars, and mineral ions
- Chloroplasts - carry out photosynthesis
- Cell wall - protects and supports the cell, made out of cellulose
Structure of a Virus
Protein coat surrounds DNA or RNA
Non-living
Structure of a Bacteria
Cell wall
No distinct nucleus - instead have a circular chromosomes (nucleoid) and often plasmid
Structure of a Protoctist
Variable
Can be similar to animal cells (protazoa) or plant cells (algae)
Structure of a Fungi
Cell wall made of chitin
Contain usual organelles - cytoplasm, cell membrane etc.
Hyphae form a network called mycelium
Unicellular or Multicellular
Virus - Unicellular
Bacteria - Unicellular
Protoctist - Can be either (most are unicellular)
Fungi - Can be either
Pathogenic?
Virus - always
Bacteria - sometimes
Protoctist - sometimes
Fungi - sometimes
Examples of viruses
- Tobacco mosaic virus
- HIV
- Influenza
Examples of Bacteria
- Lactobaccillus bulgaricus
- Pneumococcus
Examples of Protoctist
- Plasmodium
- amoeba
- algae
Examples of fungi
- Mushrooms
- Mucor
Virus can…
Can only reproduce inside another living cell
Virus are
Non-living, don’t excrete, respire, move, grow etc
Fungi uses…
Uses sapotrophic nutrition
What are the 5 kingdoms?
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protoctists
- Bacteria
What does multicellular mean?
- Contains many cells
How is carbohydrate stored in animals
As glycogen
How is carbohydrate stored in plants
As starch
How is carbohydrate stored in fungi
As glycogen
Define saprotrophic nutrition
- The use of digestive enzymes to extracellularly break down dead matter
- Fungi (e.g mucor) have hyphae which form a network called mycelium
Define pathogen
A micro-organism which causes disease
