The nature and variety of living organisms

Question 1

Characteristics of living organisms (MRS GHREN)

Answer 1

• Movement
• Respiration
• Sensitivity (respond to surroundings)
• Grow
• Homeostasis (Control internal conditions)
• Reproduce
• Excretion
• Nutrition

Question 2

What does eukaryotic mean?

Answer 2

Has membrane bound organelles

E.g. Animal cell has mitochondria, ribosomes and a nucleus

Question 3

What does prokaryotic mean?

Answer 3

No membrane bound organelles

E.g. bacteria and viruses

Question 4

Both animal and plant cells contain:

Answer 4

• Nucleus, controls the activities of the cell
• Cell membrane, controls entry and exit of substances into the cell
• Cytoplasm, where chemical reactions take place
• Mitochondria, where aerobic respiration takes place release energy
• Ribosomes, protein synthesis

Question 5

Plant cell only:

Answer 5

Vacuole - filled with cell sap contains dissolved sugars, and mineral ions

• Chloroplasts - carry out photosynthesis
• Cell wall - protects and supports the cell, made out of cellulose

Question 6

Structure of a Virus

Answer 6

Protein coat surrounds DNA or RNA

Non-living

Question 7

Structure of a Bacteria

Answer 7

Cell wall

No distinct nucleus - instead have a circular chromosomes (nucleoid) and often plasmid

Question 8

Structure of a Protoctist

Answer 8

Variable

Can be similar to animal cells (protazoa) or plant cells (algae)

Question 9

Structure of a Fungi

Answer 9

Cell wall made of chitin
Contain usual organelles - cytoplasm, cell membrane etc.
Hyphae form a network called mycelium

Question 10

Unicellular or Multicellular

Answer 10

Virus - Unicellular
Bacteria - Unicellular
Protoctist - Can be either (most are unicellular)
Fungi - Can be either

Question 11

Pathogenic?

Answer 11

Virus - always
Bacteria - sometimes
Protoctist - sometimes
Fungi - sometimes

Question 12

Examples of viruses

Answer 12

• Tobacco mosaic virus
• HIV
• Influenza

Question 13

Examples of Bacteria

Answer 13

• Lactobaccillus bulgaricus

- Pneumococcus

Question 14

Examples of Protoctist

Answer 14

• Plasmodium
• amoeba
• algae

Question 15

Examples of fungi

Answer 15

• Mushrooms

- Mucor

Question 16

Virus can…

Answer 16

Can only reproduce inside another living cell

Question 17

Virus are

Answer 17

Non-living, don’t excrete, respire, move, grow etc

Question 18

Fungi uses…

Answer 18

Uses sapotrophic nutrition

Question 19

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 19

• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protoctists
• Bacteria

Question 20

What does multicellular mean?

Answer 20

• Contains many cells

Question 21

How is carbohydrate stored in animals

Answer 21

As glycogen

Question 22

How is carbohydrate stored in plants

Answer 22

As starch

Question 23

How is carbohydrate stored in fungi

Answer 23

As glycogen

Question 24

Define saprotrophic nutrition

Answer 24

• The use of digestive enzymes to extracellularly break down dead matter
• Fungi (e.g mucor) have hyphae which form a network called mycelium

Question 25

Define pathogen

Answer 25

A micro-organism which causes disease