The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
3 functions of endoskeletal system
- provides framework for the body
- participates in hemopoietic functions
- serves as depot for calcium salts
total number of human bones
206
out of 206 bones, ____ are axial while ____ are appendicular
- 80
- 126
appendicular bones support the _____ and _____
- arms
- legs
axial skeleton consist of
- skull
- middle ear bones
- hyoid bone
- vertebral column
- ribs
- sternum
number of bones in the skull
22
out of 22 bones in the skull, how many are cranial and facial?
- 8
- 14
number of middle ear bones
6
kinds of middle ear
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
number of hyoid bone
1
number of vertebral column
26
number of ribs
24
number of sternum
1
appendicular division consists of
- pectoral girdle
- upper limb bones
- pelvic girdle
- lower limb bones
number of pectoral girdle bones
4
number of upper limb bones
60
number of pelvic girdle bones
2
number of lower limb bones
60
attach bones to one another
joints
joints serve as points of _______ and ______ between bones
- connection
- interaction
3 kinds of joints
- fibrous
- cartilage
- synovial
nearly immovable joints
fibrous
slightly immovable joints
cartilage
freely movable joints
synovial
sutures between bones in the skull
- coronal
- sagittal
- lamboidal
examples of synovial joints
- hinge
- bone and socket
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane which reduces friction and provides lubrication
synovial fluid
deposition of bone fragments
rheumatoid arthritis
located inside the medullar cavity of long bones that supplies the body with new blood cells
bone marrow
bones in the human body at birth
350
skeleton of the frog body
157
5 types of different bones that make up the vertebrate skeletal system
- long bone
- short bone
- flat bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
longer than wide bone
long bone
wider than long; cube or round
short bone
very thin in one direction; no medullar cavity
flat bone
no uniform shape
irregular bone
short or irregular bone embedded in a tendon or muscle
sesamoid bone
examples of long bone
- femur
- tibia,
- fibula
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- metacarpals
- metatarsals
- phalanges
- clavicle
examples of short bones
- carpals
- tarsals
examples of flat bones
- sternum
- cranium
- ribs
- scapula
examples of irregular bone
- vertebrae
- sacrum
- coccyx
- sphenoid
examples of sesamoid bone
- patella
- pisiform
3 parts of a typical long bone
- epiphyses
- metaphysis
- diaphysis
central long part of the bone
diaphysis
ends of the bones
epiphyses
fusion of epiphyses and diaphysis
metaphysis
dense irregular connective tissue
periosteum
mineralized portion of the bone
compact bone
next to the compact bone
spongy bone
suture between the frontal and parietals
coronal
interparietal suture
sagittal
suture between the parietals and the occipital occurring posteriorly
lamboidal
cartilaginous portion between the diaphysis and each epiphysis where the region of active growth occurs in young bones
epiphyseal plate
network of trabecular matrix filled with red marrow in the epiphysis; filled with air spaces
spongy bone
inner connective tissue layer that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
hemopoietic tissue at the epiphysis
red marrow
substance found within most of the length of the diaphysis and is filled with fats, nerves, and blood vessels that supply the bones
yellow marrow
prime movers in a joint movement
protagonists
assists the protagonists
synergists
oppose the action of the prime movers
antagonists
resist the contraction
neutralizers
holds the rest of the body when a limb is moving
fixator
