Protozoans and Metazoans Flashcards
animals are forms of life that are capable of the ______ type of metabolism only
heterotrophic type
sub-classifications of the animal kingdom
- protozoans
- metazoans
unicellular, microscopic, simplest forms of animals
protozoans
kinds of sarcodes
- amoeba
- formaminiferans
- heliozoans
- radiolarians
does sarcodes have permanent shapes?
no
a causative agent of amoebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica coli
shelled sarcodes which dwell in fresh waters
Arcella
ciliated protozoans obtained from a hay infusion
- Paramecium
- Vorticella
- Stentor
- Stylonychia
a ciliate that causes intestinal disorder in human
Balantidium coli
flagellated metazoans commonly represented by euglena viridis
mastigophorans
flagellates that has an ability to parasitize man, able to bring out the fatal sleeping sickness
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Trypanosoma gambiense
flagellate that secretes lignase that digests wood in the gut of the termite that harbors it
Trichonympha
protozoans capable of producing sporogenous cells
- sporozoans
- apicomplexans
method used by sporozoans and apicomplexans to produce sporogenous cells
- sporogeny
- merogeny
causative agent of malaria
Plasmodium sp
causes a kind of gastrointestinal disease in man and animals
Coccidium
sub-classification of the animal kingdom that includes the rest of invertebrates & vertebrates that are multicellular
metazoans
eight (8) vertebrate metazoans
- Poriferans
- Cnidarians
- Nemathelminthes
- Echinoderms
- Platyheliminthes
- Molluscans
- Arthropods
- Annelids
two (2) invertebrate metazoans
- Lophotrochozoans
- Ecdysozoans
sponges whose multicellular bodies simply consist of pores and canals
Poriferans
examples of Poriferans
- Scypha
- Spongia
- Euflactella aspergillum
exoskeletal structures of Poriferans consists of _______
siliceous spicules or axons
also called coelenterates because they have large gastrovascular cavities and with only the mouth as the opening
Cnidarians
examples of cnidarians
- corals or acanthozoans
- brain corals
- sea anemones
classifications of corals or acanthozoans
- Tubipora musica
- Fungia
- Meanderina
a fatal stinging jellyfish of the northern coasts, popularly called the Portugese man-of-war
Hydrozoans
a tiny freshwater hydrozoan in its polypoid stage and at maturity are also cnidarians
Hydra
exoskeleton of Cnidarians consist of ______
calcium carbonate
how do Cnidarians paralyze their prey?
they use their cnidae or stinging cells
mostly parasitic round worms with incomplete digestive tract
Nemathelminthes
another term used to refer to Nemathelminthes
Aeschelminthes
examples of Nemathelminthes
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Trichuris trichuria
worms that have pseudocoels only, while the rest of their body walls are lined by both circular and longitudinal muscles
Nemathelminthes
what protects the body surface of Nemathelminthes
chitin
invertebrates with bodies having radial and pentamerous symmetry
Echinoderms
examples of Echinoderms
- Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
- Astropecten
- Lynkia
- Holothuria (sea cucumber)
characteristics of the external features of Echinoderms
- calcareous spines
- nodules
- microscopic pedicellariae
parasitic worms with flattened bodies
Platyhelminthes
rigidity of the bodies of Platyhelminthes
circular, longitudinal, diagonal layers of muscles
anterior tips of Platyhelminthes usually bear _____
proboscis and/or suckers
blood-fluke which causes schistosomiasis
Schistosoma
Taenia spp. or _____
cestode or tapeworm
free-living turbellarian of research
cross-eyed Planaria
trematode known to inflict liver cirrhosis
Fasciola hepatica
invertebrates whose soft bodies are covered and/or supported by calcareous shells
Molluscans
examples of Molluscans
- Gastropods
- Bivalves
- Cephalopods
where precious cowries and conches, and the land snail Achatina fulica belong
Gastropods
where blue mussel Mytilus edulis belongs
Bivalves or Pelecypodans
examples of cephalopods
- octopus
- squid
invertebrates with jointed legs
Arthropods
six-legged arthropods
insects
ten-legged arthropods
crustaceans
eight-legged arthropods
arachnids
edible crustaceans
- Shrimps and prawns (Peneus spp.)
- Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
examples of arachnids
- scorpions
- spiders
truly segmented worms that manifest metamerism
annelids
free-living ectoparasitic annelids
- earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)
- leech (Hirudo medicinalis)
they have trochophore larvae, which are free swimming round bodies with a belt of cilia in the horizontal portion of the larva that spins around
Lophotocozoans
how many embryonic layers does lophotrochozoans have?
3 layers
subdivisions of the lophotrochozoans embryonic layers
- Lophophorates
- Spiralians
subdivision of the lophophorates’ embryonic layers which are horse-shaped in structure, and include rotiferans, bryozoans, brachipodans, and phoronids with ciliated tentacles near the mouth
lophophorates
subdivision of the lophophorates’ embryonic layers with embryos that show spiral cleavage pattern represented by nemerteans, annelids, and molluscans
Spiralians
those that molt away their chitinous exoskeleton by a process called ecdysis
Ecdysozoans
groups included in Ecdysozoans
- Kinorhyncha
- Priapulida
- Chaetognatha
- Chelicerata
- Crustacea
- Uniramia
metazoans with dorsal spinal column of short bones, called vertebrae
chordates
identify if protochordate, hemichordate, cephalochordate:
sea squirt (Pandocia)
protochordate
identify if protochordate, hemichordate, cephalochordate:
sea lancet (Balanoglossus)
hemichordate
identify if protochordate, hemichordate, cephalochordate:
Amphioxus
cephalochordate
5 classes of chordates
- Pisces
- Amphibia
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
determine which class of chordates they are included in:
fishes
pisces
determine which class of chordates they are included in:
frogs and toads
amphibia
determine which class of chordates they are included in:
snakes, crocodiles, alligators, turtles, dinosaurs
reptilia
determine which class of chordates they are included in:
birds and fowls
aves
determine which class of chordates they are included in:
lactating animals including the duckbill
mammalia