Frog Endoskeleton

Question 1

10 bones of the dorsal surface of the skull

Answer 1

• premaxillae
• maxillae
• quadratojugals
• fronto-parietals
• spenethmoid
• nasals
• prootics
• squamosals
• exoccipitals
• occipital condocytes

Question 2

most anterior pair of teeth-bearing bones which form the tip of the upper jaw

Answer 2

premaxillae

Question 3

pair of teeth-bearing bones posterior to the premaxillae

Answer 3

maxillae

Question 4

the maxillae form the _____ and _____ segment of the upper jaw

Answer 4

largest and middle

Question 5

pair of toothless short bones posterior to the maxillae

Answer 5

quadratojugals

Question 6

pair of slender bones forming most of the roof of the skull and united at the median line by the sagittal suture

Answer 6

fronto-parietals

Question 7

small squarish bone anterior to frontoparietal

Answer 7

spenethmoid

Question 8

pair of triangular bones anterior to spenethmoid, covering the nasal structures

Answer 8

nasals

Question 9

pair of ring-like projections on each side of the skull posterior to the frontoparietals

Answer 9

prootics

Question 10

pair of T-shaped bones lateral to the prootics whose longer ends extend outward and backward to the lower jaw

Answer 10

squamosals

Question 11

short bones surrounding a large opening at the posterior boundary of the skull

Answer 11

exoccipitals

Question 12

rounded prominences on each exoccipital bones

Answer 12

occipital condyles

Question 13

5 bones on the ventral surface of the skull

Answer 13

• parasphenoid
• spenethmoid
• vomers
• palatines
• pterygoids

Question 14

dagger-shaped bone that forms the floor of the skull

Answer 14

parasphenoid

Question 15

bone at the anterior end of the parasphenoid seen in the dorsal surface

Answer 15

spenethmoid

Question 16

two flat wing-shaped and teeth-bearing bones just posterior to the premaxillae

Answer 16

vomers

Question 17

pair of slender rod-like bones extending laterally from the anterior end f the spenthomoid to the maxillae

Answer 17

palatines

Question 18

pair of three-rayed bone joined to the prootics, squamosals and maxillae

Answer 18

pterygoids

Question 19

3 bones to the lower jaw

Answer 19

• mentomeckelian
• dentary
• angulosplenial

Question 20

anterior bone that unites the two halves of the jaw

Answer 20

mentomeckelian

Question 21

middle bone

Answer 21

dentary

Question 22

posterior bone

Answer 22

angulosplenial

Question 23

5 hyoid cartilage

Answer 23

• body
• alary processes
  anterior cornua
• thyroi processes
• posterior cornua

Question 24

large central portion

Answer 24

body

Question 25

pair of expanded plates at the anterior end of the body

Answer 25

alary processes

Question 26

anterior pair of horns extending to the prootics

Answer 26

anterior cornua

Question 27

pair of posterior ossified extensions of the body which helps support the larynx

Answer 27

thyroid processes

Question 28

pair of shorter horns lateral to the thyroid processes

Answer 28

posterior cornua

Question 29

4 vertebral column

Answer 29

- atlas - typical vertebrae - sacral vertebrae - urostyle

Question 30

first vertebra; most anterior without transverse processes; articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull

Answer 30

atlas

Question 31

second to eight vertebrae

Answer 31

typical vertebrae

Question 32

ninth vertebra with two long transverse processes extending backward and articulating with the pelvic girdle

Answer 32

sacral vertebra

Question 33

tenth terminal vertebra slender with a dorsal keel articulating anteriorly with the sacral vertebra

Answer 33

urostyle

Question 34

7 parts of the typical vertebra

Answer 34

- centrum - neural arch - neural canal - neural spine - transverse processes - prezygapophyses - postzygapophyses

Question 35

ventral spool-like base or body concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly

Answer 35

centrum

Question 36

pair of dorsolateral projection on the centrum fused with middorsally

Answer 36

neural arch

Question 37

cavity enclosed by neural arch

Answer 37

neural canal

Question 38

caudally directed projections on the middorsal part of the neuralarch

Answer 38

neural spine

Question 39

pair of elongated processes which extend at right angles to the centrum

Answer 39

transverse processes

Question 40

pair of articulating processes at the anterior end of the neural arch

Answer 40

prezygapohyses

Question 41

pair of articulating processes a the posterior end of the neural arch

Answer 41

postzygapophyses

Question 42

five long cylindrical bones of the sole articulating with and poserior to the tarsals

Answer 42

metatarsals

Question 43

bones of the toes consisting of smaller pieces of bones arranged linearly, posterior to the metatarsals

Answer 43

phalanges

Question 44

rudimentary bone that supports the prehallux

Answer 44

calcar

Question 45

5 parts of the pectoral girdle

Answer 45

- suprascapula - scapula - clavicle - coracoid - epicoracoid

Question 46

distal flat expanded cartilage forming the dorsal portion of the girdle

Answer 46

suprascapula

Question 47

smaller piece of bone articulating with the suprascapula

Answer 47

scapula

Question 48

collarbone; slender bone anteromedial to the scapula

Answer 48

clavicle

Question 49

bone flared at the medial end posteromedial to the scapula

Answer 49

coracoid

Question 50

cartilage at the proximal ends of the clavicle and coracoid

Answer 50

epicoracoid

Question 51

4 parts of the sternum

Answer 51

- omosternum - episternum - mesosternum - xiphisternum

Question 52

tapered bone attached posteriorly to the epicoracoid

Answer 52

omosternum

Question 53

flat slightly circular cartilage at the anterior tip of the omosternum

Answer 53

episternum

Question 54

bony rod; posterior counterpart of the omosternum correspondingly connected to the epicoracoid

Answer 54

mesosternum

Question 55

thin heart-shaped cartilage; posterior counterpart of the episternum at the tip of the mesosternum

Answer 55

xiphestermum

Question 56

4 parts of the pelvic girdle

Answer 56

- illium - ischium - pubis - acetabulum

Question 57

anterior slender bone articulating with the transverse processes of the sacral vertebra

Answer 57

ilium

Question 58

short posterior bone on the dorsal side of the girdle

Answer 58

ischium

Question 59

triangular cartilage on the ventral side of the girdle

Answer 59

pubis

Question 60

cup-like depression formed at the area of union of the ilium, ischium and pubis

Answer 60

acetabulum

Question 61

5 parts of the anterior limb

Answer 61

- humerus - radioulna - carpus - metacarpals - phalanges

Question 62

bone of the upper arm

Answer 62

humerus

Question 63

bone of the forearm

Answer 63

radioulna

Question 64

bones of the wrist consisting of two rows of six small bones

Answer 64

carpus

Question 65

bones of the palm consisting of four slender bones and the rudiment of the thumb

Answer 65

metacarpals

Question 66

bones of the fingers consisting of small pieces of bones arranged linearly

Answer 66

phalanges

Question 67

6 parts of the posterior limbs

Answer 67

- femur - tibiofibula - tarsals - metatarsals - phalanges - calcar

Question 68

bone of the thigh

Answer 68

femur

Question 69

bone of the shank posterior to the femur

Answer 69

tibiofibula

Question 70

bones of the ankle consisting of two rows of bones posterior to the tibiofibula

Answer 70

tarsals

Question 71

calcaneum =

Answer 71

outer

Question 72

astralagus =

Answer 72

inner

Question 73

flat cartilaginous structure that serves as attachments of muscles which move the tongue

Answer 73

hyoid apparatus

Question 74

composed of bony and cartilaginous parts

Answer 74

pectoral girdle

Question 75

space separating the clavicle and coracoid

Answer 75

fenestra

Question 76

cup-shaped depression between the clavicle, coracoid, and scapula

Answer 76

glenoid fossa

Question 77

middle crest of the humerus

Answer 77

deltoid ridge

Question 78

rounded ends of the humerus fits the

Answer 78

glenoid fossa

Question 79

head of the femur fits the

Answer 79

acetabulum

Question 80

two rows of bones of the tarsals

Answer 80

- calcaneum - astralagus