The Microscopy Flashcards
earliest form of microscope
crude one; relies on simple lenses and a source of light (usually the natural light of the day)
microscope today can produce ______
3D images, contrasts between parts and a higher magnification and resolution
two (2) principles of the microscope
- Magnification
- Resolution
this principle of the microscope is its ability to enlarge an object placed in the field of view
magnification
this principle of the microscope is the ability to clarify an object to distinguish parts from one another
resolution
magnification and resolution are important to defining the ______
structures of cells, tissues, and microorganisms
two (2) classification in which microscope can be classified
based on the:
1. number of lenses
2. source of illumination
two (2) microscope classifications based on the number of lenses
- simple microscope
- compound microscope
two (2) microscope classification based on the source of illumination
- light microscope
- electron microscope
this classification of microscope makes use of a single lens
simple microscope
classification of microscope that makes use of light
light microscope
classification of microscope that makes use of beams of electrons and with higher magnification
electron microscope
classification of microscope that makes use of two lenses
compound microscope
electron microscopes may be either:
- transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- scanning electron microscope (SEM)
electron microscope that is used to make 3D images of the specimen’s surface
scanning electron microscope
electron microscope that produces a 2D image of an ultrathin section by capturing electrons that have passed through the specimen
Transmission electron microscope
electron microscope most useful in investigating a cell’s interior
TEM
what is done for the specimens under observation to be better viewed?
staining
microscope which allows a clear view of a specimen even without staining
phase contrast microscope
microscopy wherein fluorescent dyes are used so that, when illuminated by ultraviolet dyes, would fluoresce
fluorescent microscopy
microscopy useful in tracking certain signals, genes, and structures of the body
fluorescent microscopoy
the ability of microscopes to magnify and resolve objects are made possible by this part:
magnifying parts
part that functions for enlargement and resolution of objects
magnifying parts
total magnification =
objective magnification x eyepiece magnification
magnifying power of the eyepiece
10x
five (5) tips you can follow when using the microscope in the laboratory
- Place the microscope on a level surface
- Check the parts before using them
- Handle the knobs and objectives carefully
- Maximize the use of the mirror
- Always open both eyes when looking at the specimen
why should one check the parts first before using the microscope?
there might be some parts that are missing or broken
why should the knobs and objectives be handled carefully?
in order to not loosen them and also to avoid scratching their surfaces
why should we maximize the use of the mirror?
this will illuminate the specimen well
why should both eyes be open while looking at the specimen?
to prevent your eyes from being strained
this microscope is a practical and convenient tool in any Biology laboratory;
it uses the visible spectrum for magnification of objects as minute as less than a millimeter in dimension, up to a small fraction of a micron
light compound microscope
resolution of a light compound microscope
0.02 microns
most commonly used microscope in the laboratory, passing light rays through the specimen, and bringing them to focus using system lenses
bright-field microscope
two (2) parts of a light compound microscope
- optical parts
- mechanical parts
four (4) parts of the microscope under the optical part
- ocular lens
- objective lenses
- abbe condenser lens
- mirrror
ten (10) mechanical parts of the microscope
- draw tube
- dust shield
- revolving nosepiece
- stage
- iris diaphragm
- inclination joint
- body
- handle
- base
- course and fine wheels
part through which the object is viewed
ocular lens
used to collect light and has two kinds
mirror
4 kinds of objective lenses
- Scanner
- LPO
- HPO
- Oil Immersion
a sub-stage lens that concentrates the light rays that pass through the mounted specimen
abbe condenser lens
enumerate the magnification power of the objective lenses
- scanner - 4x
- LPO - 10x
- HPO - 40x
- Oil immersion - 100x
2 kinds of mirror:
- plane mirror
- concave mirror
this mirror is used with the natural light
plane mirror
this mirror is preferred when working with artificial or dim light
concave mirror
used for holding the microscope
handle
while the hand is on the handle to hold the microscope, the other hand of the user should support its ______
base
it is rotated to shift from one objective lens to another
resolving nosepiece
a substage centrally attached circular contraption that has overlapping strips of metal arranged akin to those of a folding fan operated with a lever to open or close;
serves to regulate the amount of light entering the condenser lens
iris diaphragm
pairs of big and small knobs positioned on each side of the body of the microscope
course and fine wheels
it adjusts the distance of the eyepiece from the objective lens
draw tube
it is a round or forked bottom that must be laid flat on the table;
should be supported during the transport of the microscope to and from the stockroom
base
a piece of metal disk fastened above the revolving nosepiece
dust shield
found only in the early model, but it is conveniently used for tilting the microscope when the observer is a little tired to stoop down
inclination joint
quadrangular platform with a hole at the center, is where the specimen is mounted
stage
straight tube where the ocular and objective lenses are attached
body
a larger microscope that can occupy a substantial part of a laboratory room
electron microscope
magnification of an electron microscope can be as high as _________
1 milliion times
limit of resolution of an electron microscope
0.2 nm
instead of magnifying glass lenses, electron microscope uses ______ for magnification
series of electromagnetic fields
electron microscope that can resolve the fine details of a cell in the interior
transmission electron microscope
electron microscope that can resolve the details of the surface structure of the cell
scanning electron microscope
type of bright field microscope that is usually of a low magnification;
used mainly for dissection of tiny objects, providing them a 3D image
stereoscopic microscope
type of optical microscope which uses a camera that is able to project an object placed on the stage for examination in a monitor;
best used to examine histological details of tissues or the size and arrangement of bacterial cells
digital microscope
microscope that uses a pinhole, where a fine beam of light (laser beam) is made to pass through the specimen, eliminating out of focus light rays
confocal microscope
other term used to refer to confocal microscope
confocal laser scanning microscope
