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ZOO 201 (LAB) > Introduction to General Zoology > Flashcards

Introduction to General Zoology Flashcards

1
Q

Zoology came from the Greek words _____ and ____ which means animal and study of, consecutively

A
  1. zoon
  2. -logos
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2
Q

zoology is the study of

A

animal / animal kingdom

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3
Q

homo sapiens are considered as the ____ group

A

crown group

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4
Q

it is based on genetic and molecular evidences, rather than mere similarity in morphology

A

classification

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5
Q

nine (9) general animal features:

A
  1. All are heterotrophs
  2. Multicellularity
  3. Tissue Level
  4. They do not contain a cell wall
  5. There is active movement
  6. There is diversity in niche
  7. Diverse in form
  8. Sexual Reproduction
  9. Embryonic Development
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6
Q

characteristic that allows animals to obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms

A

heterotrophy

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7
Q

three (3) classifications of animals based on what they consume

A
  1. herbivore
  2. carnivore
  3. omnivore
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8
Q

all major animal groups have a tissue level and all other biological systems above it, except ______

A

sponges

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9
Q

under which phylum does sponges belong?

A

phylum porifera

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10
Q

collection of cells performing similar function

A

tissue

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11
Q

two (2) tissues of animals necessary for movement

A
  1. muscle tissues
  2. nerve tissues
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12
Q

this tissue contracts

A

muscle tissues

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13
Q

this tissue conduct signals

A

nerve tissues

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14
Q

neuromuscular association is important in achieving the characteristic of ________

A

active movement

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15
Q

cells of animals are enclosed by the cell membrane or ______ that functions to maintain homeostasis

A

plasmalemma

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16
Q

one of the most obvious characteristics of animals

A

movement

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17
Q

those that are active swimmers in their larval forms are _____ as adults

A

sedentary

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18
Q

the animal ____ develops from the union of gametes from a male and female individual

A

zygote

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19
Q

produced by series of mitotic divisions

A

blastula

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20
Q

Carolous Linnaeus begins the modern description of life, binomial nomenclature in what date?

A

1735

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21
Q

animals are classified into large groups or ____, based on the evidences in morphology, genetics, and reproductive isolation

A

phylum

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22
Q

three (3) ways in which animals are classified

A
  1. body symmetry
  2. body cavity
  3. embryonic development
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23
Q

animals having irregular forms that when you cut them in halves along the vertical body, they won’t resemble or mirror each other

A

asymmetrical

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24
Q

those that mirror each other when cut into halves is called _____

A

symmetrical

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25
Q

symmetry may be: (2)

A
  1. Radial
  2. Bilateral
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26
Q

this symmetry has a general form of a wheel and multiple body planes may be drawn along the central body axis

A

Radial symmetry

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27
Q

under radial symmetry is _____ which means that the symmetry of an animal can be radial when divided into multiple planes, or may be bilateral when cut into two

A

Biradial symmetry

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28
Q

this symmetry is acknowledged to be an evolutionary novelty;

common among majority of the animals;

can divide animals into two equal halves, left and right in only one plane

A

Bilateral symmetry

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29
Q

a centralization of the nervous system towards the anterior end of the organism;

allowed focus, better brain activity, resulting to better responses and coordination of the body and the eventual bipedalism among the primates

A

cephalization

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30
Q

eight (8) useful terms to locate body structures

A
  1. dorsal
  2. ventral
  3. caudal
  4. cephalic
  5. medial
  6. lateral
  7. superior
  8. inferior
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31
Q

used to refer to structures close to either side of the body

A

lateral

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32
Q

used in human anatomy to refer to regions towards the feet

A

inferior

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33
Q

refers to the tail end of the animal;

interchangeable with posterior

34
Q

body structures located near the midline of the body

35
Q

refers to the underside, or belly part, of an animal

36
Q

mainly used in human anatomy to refer to regions in the upper human body

37
Q

refers to the back surface of an animal

38
Q

refers to the area towards the head;

interchangeable to anterior

39
Q

this symmetry has three body axis, each at right angles to the other two

A

bilateral symmetry

40
Q

three (3) body axis of bilateral symmetry

A
  1. anterior-posterior axis
  2. dorsal-ventral axis
  3. left-right axis
41
Q

this axis extends from the back to belly

A

dorsal-ventral axis

42
Q

this axis extends from side-to-side

A

left-right axis

43
Q

this axis extends from the head to tail

A

anterior-posterior axis

44
Q

how many planes can be distinguished in a bilateral symmetry

45
Q

three (3) planes that can be distinguished in a bilateral symmetry

A
  1. sagittal plane
  2. frontal plane
  3. transverse plane
46
Q

this plane is also known as cross-section

A

transverse plane

47
Q

this plane divides the body into the dorsal and ventral parts

A

frontal plane

48
Q

this plane cuts the body and separates the anterior and posterior portions

A

transverse plane

49
Q

this plane divides the body into right and left parts

A

sagittal plane

50
Q

three (3) germ layers

A
  1. endoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. ectoderm
51
Q

gives rise to the musculature and other internal organs such as the skeleton and the circulatory system

52
Q

forms the lining of the digestive track and other digestive structures

53
Q

gives rise to the outer covering of the body and the nervous tissue

54
Q

an animal is ______ if only the endoderm and ectoderm are present

A

diploblastic

55
Q

the animal is ______ when all three (ecto, meso, endo) are present

A

triploblastic

56
Q

three (3) subdivisions of triploblastic animals

A
  1. acoelomates
  2. pseudocoelomates
  3. coelomates
57
Q

a fluid-filled space between the body wall and digestive tube

58
Q

another term for coelom

59
Q

animals without a body tube

A

acoelomates

60
Q

animals with body cavity

A

coelomates

61
Q

what makes flatworms pseudocoelomates?

A

their solid bodies without cavity

62
Q

two (2) main evolutionary lines of coelomates

A
  1. Protostomia
  2. Deuterostomia
63
Q

an evolutionary process where the important difference between protostomia and deuterostomia is seen

64
Q

this evolutionary line develops a spiral arrangement of cells or diagonal to the polar axis

A

protostomes

65
Q

what pattern is seen in deuterostomes

A

radial pattern of cleavage

66
Q

cleavage in which, each cell is determined to be a specific adult cell at the onset of embryonic development

A

determinate cleavage

67
Q

cleavage in which cells develop into specific adult cells later in embryonic development

A

indeterminate cleavage

68
Q

opening formed during the gastrulation when groups of cells move inward forming a sac

A

blastopore

69
Q

blastopore comes _____ in the protostomes

70
Q

blastopore comes ______ in the deuterostomes

71
Q

method of coelom formation among protostomes in which the protostomes splits and then widens to form the coelom

A

schizocoely

72
Q

method of coelom formation among deuterostomes in which it develops from an outpocketing of the developing gut, which eventually separates and becomes the coelom

A

enterocoely

73
Q

fifteen (15) major groups in the animal kingdom

A
  1. Parazoa
  2. Porifera
  3. Cnidarian
  4. Ctenophores
  5. Platyhelminthes
  6. Nemertea
  7. Mollusca
  8. Annelida
  9. Lophophorates
  10. Rotifers
  11. Nematods
  12. Arthropods
  13. Echinodermata
  14. Hemichordate
  15. Chordata
74
Q

two (2) major groups without symmetry (asymmetrical)

A
  1. Parazoa
  2. Porifera
75
Q

major group exhibiting radial symmetry

76
Q

major group exhibiting biradial symmetry

A

Ctenophores

77
Q

ten (10) major groups exhibiting bilateral symmetry

A
  1. Platyhelminthes
  2. Nemertea
  3. Mollusca
  4. Annelida
  5. Lophophorates
  6. Rotifers
  7. Nematode
  8. Arthropods
  9. Hemichordate
  10. Chordata
78
Q

major group exhibiting an embryo-bilateral; adult pentaradial symmetry

A

echinodermata

79
Q

eleven (11) major groups exhibiting triploblastic body cavity

A
  1. Platyhelminthes
  2. Nemertea
  3. Mollusca
  4. Annelida
  5. Lophophorates
  6. Rotifers
  7. Nematode
  8. Arthropods
  9. Echinodermata
  10. Hemichordate
  11. Chordata
80
Q

triploblastic (pseudocoelomate) major group

A

Platyhelminthes

ZOO 201 (LAB) (14 decks)

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