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ZOO 201 (LAB) > Introduction to General Zoology > Flashcards

Introduction to General Zoology Flashcards

1
Q

Zoology came from the Greek words _____ and ____ which means animal and study of, consecutively

A
  1. zoon
  2. -logos
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2
Q

zoology is the study of

A

animal / animal kingdom

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3
Q

homo sapiens are considered as the ____ group

A

crown group

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4
Q

it is based on genetic and molecular evidences, rather than mere similarity in morphology

A

classification

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5
Q

nine (9) general animal features:

A
  1. All are heterotrophs
  2. Multicellularity
  3. Tissue Level
  4. They do not contain a cell wall
  5. There is active movement
  6. There is diversity in niche
  7. Diverse in form
  8. Sexual Reproduction
  9. Embryonic Development
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6
Q

characteristic that allows animals to obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms

A

heterotrophy

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7
Q

three (3) classifications of animals based on what they consume

A
  1. herbivore
  2. carnivore
  3. omnivore
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8
Q

all major animal groups have a tissue level and all other biological systems above it, except ______

A

sponges

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9
Q

under which phylum does sponges belong?

A

phylum porifera

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10
Q

collection of cells performing similar function

A

tissue

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11
Q

two (2) tissues of animals necessary for movement

A
  1. muscle tissues
  2. nerve tissues
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12
Q

this tissue contracts

A

muscle tissues

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13
Q

this tissue conduct signals

A

nerve tissues

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14
Q

neuromuscular association is important in achieving the characteristic of ________

A

active movement

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15
Q

cells of animals are enclosed by the cell membrane or ______ that functions to maintain homeostasis

A

plasmalemma

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16
Q

one of the most obvious characteristics of animals

A

movement

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17
Q

those that are active swimmers in their larval forms are _____ as adults

A

sedentary

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18
Q

the animal ____ develops from the union of gametes from a male and female individual

A

zygote

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19
Q

produced by series of mitotic divisions

A

blastula

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20
Q

Carolous Linnaeus begins the modern description of life, binomial nomenclature in what date?

A

1735

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21
Q

animals are classified into large groups or ____, based on the evidences in morphology, genetics, and reproductive isolation

A

phylum

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22
Q

three (3) ways in which animals are classified

A
  1. body symmetry
  2. body cavity
  3. embryonic development
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23
Q

animals having irregular forms that when you cut them in halves along the vertical body, they won’t resemble or mirror each other

A

asymmetrical

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24
Q

those that mirror each other when cut into halves is called _____

A

symmetrical

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25
symmetry may be: (2)
1. Radial 2. Bilateral
26
this symmetry has a general form of a wheel and multiple body planes may be drawn along the central body axis
Radial symmetry
27
under radial symmetry is _____ which means that the symmetry of an animal can be radial when divided into multiple planes, or may be bilateral when cut into two
Biradial symmetry
28
this symmetry is acknowledged to be an evolutionary novelty; common among majority of the animals; can divide animals into two equal halves, left and right in only one plane
Bilateral symmetry
29
a centralization of the nervous system towards the anterior end of the organism; allowed focus, better brain activity, resulting to better responses and coordination of the body and the eventual bipedalism among the primates
cephalization
30
eight (8) useful terms to locate body structures
1. dorsal 2. ventral 3. caudal 4. cephalic 5. medial 6. lateral 7. superior 8. inferior
31
used to refer to structures close to either side of the body
lateral
32
used in human anatomy to refer to regions towards the feet
inferior
33
refers to the tail end of the animal; interchangeable with posterior
caudal
34
body structures located near the midline of the body
medial
35
refers to the underside, or belly part, of an animal
ventral
36
mainly used in human anatomy to refer to regions in the upper human body
superior
37
refers to the back surface of an animal
dorsal
38
refers to the area towards the head; interchangeable to anterior
cephalic
39
this symmetry has three body axis, each at right angles to the other two
bilateral symmetry
40
three (3) body axis of bilateral symmetry
1. anterior-posterior axis 2. dorsal-ventral axis 3. left-right axis
41
this axis extends from the back to belly
dorsal-ventral axis
42
this axis extends from side-to-side
left-right axis
43
this axis extends from the head to tail
anterior-posterior axis
44
how many planes can be distinguished in a bilateral symmetry
3
45
three (3) planes that can be distinguished in a bilateral symmetry
1. sagittal plane 2. frontal plane 3. transverse plane
46
this plane is also known as cross-section
transverse plane
47
this plane divides the body into the dorsal and ventral parts
frontal plane
48
this plane cuts the body and separates the anterior and posterior portions
transverse plane
49
this plane divides the body into right and left parts
sagittal plane
50
three (3) germ layers
1. endoderm 2. mesoderm 3. ectoderm
51
gives rise to the musculature and other internal organs such as the skeleton and the circulatory system
mesoderm
52
forms the lining of the digestive track and other digestive structures
endoderm
53
gives rise to the outer covering of the body and the nervous tissue
ectoderm
54
an animal is ______ if only the endoderm and ectoderm are present
diploblastic
55
the animal is ______ when all three (ecto, meso, endo) are present
triploblastic
56
three (3) subdivisions of triploblastic animals
1. acoelomates 2. pseudocoelomates 3. coelomates
57
a fluid-filled space between the body wall and digestive tube
coelom
58
another term for coelom
cavity
59
animals without a body tube
acoelomates
60
animals with body cavity
coelomates
61
what makes flatworms pseudocoelomates?
their solid bodies without cavity
62
two (2) main evolutionary lines of coelomates
1. Protostomia 2. Deuterostomia
63
an evolutionary process where the important difference between protostomia and deuterostomia is seen
cleavage
64
this evolutionary line develops a spiral arrangement of cells or diagonal to the polar axis
protostomes
65
what pattern is seen in deuterostomes
radial pattern of cleavage
66
cleavage in which, each cell is determined to be a specific adult cell at the onset of embryonic development
determinate cleavage
67
cleavage in which cells develop into specific adult cells later in embryonic development
indeterminate cleavage
68
opening formed during the gastrulation when groups of cells move inward forming a sac
blastopore
69
blastopore comes _____ in the protostomes
first
70
blastopore comes ______ in the deuterostomes
second
71
method of coelom formation among protostomes in which the protostomes splits and then widens to form the coelom
schizocoely
72
method of coelom formation among deuterostomes in which it develops from an outpocketing of the developing gut, which eventually separates and becomes the coelom
enterocoely
73
fifteen (15) major groups in the animal kingdom
1. Parazoa 2. Porifera 3. Cnidarian 4. Ctenophores 5. Platyhelminthes 6. Nemertea 7. Mollusca 8. Annelida 9. Lophophorates 10. Rotifers 11. Nematods 12. Arthropods 13. Echinodermata 14. Hemichordate 15. Chordata
74
two (2) major groups without symmetry (asymmetrical)
1. Parazoa 2. Porifera
75
major group exhibiting radial symmetry
cnidarian
76
major group exhibiting biradial symmetry
Ctenophores
77
ten (10) major groups exhibiting bilateral symmetry
1. Platyhelminthes 2. Nemertea 3. Mollusca 4. Annelida 5. Lophophorates 6. Rotifers 7. Nematode 8. Arthropods 9. Hemichordate 10. Chordata
78
major group exhibiting an embryo-bilateral; adult pentaradial symmetry
echinodermata
79
eleven (11) major groups exhibiting triploblastic body cavity
1. Platyhelminthes 2. Nemertea 3. Mollusca 4. Annelida 5. Lophophorates 6. Rotifers 7. Nematode 8. Arthropods 9. Echinodermata 10. Hemichordate 11. Chordata
80
triploblastic (pseudocoelomate) major group
Platyhelminthes

ZOO 201 (LAB) (14 decks)

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