Frog Organ Systems Flashcards
external anatomy of a frog
- eyes
- nictitating membrane
- external nares
- typanum
- appendages (forelimb, hindlimb)
- nuptial pads
parts of a forelimb
- upper arm
- forearm
- wrist
- palm
parts of a hindlimb
- thigh
- shank
- ankle
- foot
how many digits does the palm has?
four and a rudimentary vestigial thumb (calcar)
how many digits dos the foot has?
five and a rudimentary sixth digit
enlarged thumbs
nuptial pads
function of nuptial pads
aid in holding the females during reproductive periods
musculatory system of the frog is divided into:
- muscles of the head
- muscles of the trunk and the forelimb
- muscles of the abdomen
- muscles of the thigh
- muscles of the shank
4 muscles of the head
- temporalis
- depressor mandibulae
- mylohyoid
- submentalis
12 muscles of the trunk and the forelimb
- dorsalis scapulae
- latissimus dorsi
- longissimus dorsi
- ilio-lumbaris
- coccygeosacralis
- coccygeo-ilacus
- sternoradialis
- deltoid muscles
- pectorialis muscle
- triceps brachii
4 muscles of the abdomen
- rectus abdomins
- inscriptions tendinae
- external oblique
- transversus
12 muscles of the thigh
- triceps extensor femoris
- vastus extnus
- rectus femoris anticus
- vastus internus
- gluterus
- sartotius
- adductor magnus
- adductor longus
- gracilis major
- semitendinosus
- semimembranous
- biceps femoris
6 muscles of the shank
- gastrocnemius
- tibialis posticus
- extesor cruri
- flexor tarsi anterior
- tibialis anticus
- peroneus
stout muscle near the tympanic membrane
temporalis
posterior to the temporalis
depressor mandibulae
forms a broad sheet of thin muscle across the lower jaw, on the ventral surface of the head
mylohyoid
muscle found when cut through the median raphe
geniohyoid
located at the anterior portion of the lower jaw
submentalis
beneath the depressor mandibulae
dorsalis scapulae
posterior to the dorsalis scapulae
latissimus dorsi
posterior to latissimus dorsi
longissimus dorsi
lateral to longissimus dorsi
ilio-lumbaris
v-shaped muscles posterior to the longissimus dorsi
- coccygeosacralis
- coccygeo-ilacus
found on the ventral side when the mylohyoid is lifted
sternoradialis
ventral to the sternoradialis
deltoid muscle
posterior to the sternoradialis; fan-shaped muscle
pectorialis muscle
3 parts of the pectorialis muscle
- anterior pectorialis
- middle perctorialis
- pectorialis abdominis
middle pectorialis is also known as _______
pectorialis sternalis
large muscle of the arm
triceps brachii
two longitudinal sheets of flat muscles forming the ventral wall of the abdomen
rectus abdominis
linea alba
connective tissue that separates the rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis is divided into five segments by the _____
inscriptions tendinae
covers the sides of the body
externaloblique
beneath the external oblique
transversus
prominent muscle covering the whole outer surface of the high
triceps extensor femoris
3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris
- vastus externus
- rectus femoris anticus
- vastus internus
which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the middle?
rectus femoris anticus
which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the dorsal part
vastus externus
which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the ventral part?
vastus internus
small muscle between the vastus externus and rectus femoris anticus
gluteus
flat or ribbon-like muscle obliquely traversing the ventral surface
sartorius
partially covered by the sartorius and also obliquely traverses the thighs
adductor magnus
located beneath the sartorius
adductor longus
next to the adductor magnus on the posterior margin and is found on the ventral side of the thigh
gracilis major
thin strip located in the innermost side of the thigh
gracilis minor
slender muscle located beneath the gracilis major
semitendnosus
dorsal large muscle with oblique marking covering the inner surface of the thigh
semimembranosus
narrow muscle located between he semimambranosus and the triceps femoris
biceps femoris
large muscle covering the entire posterior inner side of the shank
gastrocnemius
beneath the gastrocnemius and between this muscle and the tibio-fibula
tibialis posticus
anterior to tibialis posticus
extensor crur
internal anatomy of the frog are subdivided into
- digestive structures
- respiratory structures
- circulatory structures
- excretory structures
- urogenital structures
11 digestive structures
- mouth
- tongue
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- spleen
- large intestine
- cloaca
regulates the exit of digestive food from the stomach to the intestine
pyloric sphincter valve
where most of the digestion and absorption of food into the bloodstream takes place
small intestine
first straight portion of the small intestine
duodenum
curled portion of the small intestine
ileum
membrane that holds the ileum together
mesentery
largest structure of the body cavity
liver
digestive juice secreted by the liver
bile
small green sac under the liver that stores bile
gall bladder
thin, yellowish ribbon between the small intestine and the stomach
pancreas
pancreas produces:
pancreatic juice
dark red spherical object which serves as a holding area for blood
spleen
common exit for the urogenital and digestive system
cloaca
6 respiratory structures
- nose / snout
- nares / nostrils
- glottis
- pharynx
- left and right bronchi
- left and right lungs
opening at the back of the mouth that lea to the respiratory tract
glottis
throat area
pharynx
tubes that connect the pharynx to the left and right lungs, resectively
left and right bronchi
two small sacs on either side of the midline, partially hidden under the liver
left and right lungs
6 circulatory structures
- pericardium
- heart
- conus arteriosus
- truncus arteriosus
- superior / anterior vena cava
- inferior / posterior vena cava
the frog circulatory system consists of _____, _____, and ______
- heart
- blood vessels
- blood
membranous covering surrounding the heart
pericardium
at the top of the liver and has a triangular structure
heart
single wide arterial vessel leaving the ventricle and passing ventrally over the right atrium
conus arteriosus
paired arterial blood vessels leading out from the conus arteriosus
truncus arteriosus
3 branches of truncus arteriosus
- carotid arches
- aortic / systemic arches
- pulmocutaneous arches
carries deoxygenated blood from the head too the right atrium of the heart
superior / anterior vena cava
begins between the two kidneys and returns blood to the sinus venosus
inferior / posterior vena cava
inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the _____ portion of the body to the right atrium of the heart
posterior
excretory structures
- kidneys
- urinary bladder
flattened bean shaped organs located at the lower back of the frog near the spine
kidneys
a tube through which urine passes to the urinary bladder and is connected to each kidney
ureter
empty sac located at the lowest part of the body cavity, attached to the ventral wall of the cloaca
urinary bladder
urogenital structures
- fat bodies
- cloaca
- testes (males)
- oviducts (female)
reproductive and excretory system of the frog is called _______
urogenital system
amphibians are _____
(reproductive structures)
dioecious
spaghetti-shaped structures that have a bright orange or yellow color and serve as energy source
fat bodies
yellow or tan-colored, bean-shaped organs located at the top of the kidneys
testes
curly-q type structure around the outside of the kidney where the eggs are produced
oviducts
oviduct-like structure in males but serve no purpose
vestigial oviducts
short tube that leads from the frog’s mouth to the stomach
esophagus
whitish, j-shaped organ which connects the esophagus anteriorly and with the small intestine posteriorly
stomach
stomach is the first major site of _____ digestion
chemical