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Medical Terminology > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness; lack of strength

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2
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

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3
Q

brady-

A

slow

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4
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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5
Q

clono/o

A

violent action

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6
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia; fibrous band

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7
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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8
Q

hemi-

A

half

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9
Q

kines/o; kinesi/o

A

movement

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10
Q

-lysis

A

destruction

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11
Q

-paresis

A

partial or incomplete paralysis

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12
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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13
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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14
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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15
Q

ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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16
Q

ton/o

A

tone, tension, stretching

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17
Q

tri-

A

three

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18
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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19
Q

PT

A

physical therapist

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20
Q

AT

A

athletic trainer

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21
Q

OT

A

occupational therapist

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22
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily life/living

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23
Q

Muscle fibers

A

long, slender cells that make up muscles

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24
Q

Fascia

A

sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles

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25
Q

Tendon

A

Narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue which attaches a muscle to a bone

26
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

attaches to the bones and makes body motions possible, voluntary movement, striated appearance, polynucleated

27
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

located in internal organs, involuntary movement, smooth and not striated

28
Q

Cardial Muscle

A

forms the muscular walls of the heart, involuntary movement, striated, mononucleated

29
Q

Muscle innervation

A

muscles are innervated by motor nerves. the brain sends a signal which stimulates a muscle to contract

30
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs

A

when one muscle of the pair contracts, the other relaxes

31
Q

Abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

32
Q

Adduction

A

movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

33
Q

Flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

34
Q

Extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

35
Q

Hyperextension

A

the extreme overextension of a limb beyond its normal limit

36
Q

Elevation

A

raising or lifting a body part

37
Q

Depression

A

lowering a body part

38
Q

Rotation

A

a circular movement around an axis, eg; turning at a shoulder joint

39
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb like at the hand

40
Q

Supination

A

rotating the arm or leg so that the hand or sole of a foot turns upwards

41
Q

Pronation

A

rotating the arm or leg so that the hand or sole of a foot turns downwards

42
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle (toes up)

43
Q

Plantar flexion

A

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle (toes down)

44
Q

Oblique muscle fiber

A

slanted or at an angle

45
Q

Rectus muscle fiber

A

straight, aligned with vertical axis of the body

46
Q

Sphincter muscle fiber

A

ring-like

47
Q

Transverse muscle fiber

A

in a crosswise alignment, left and right

48
Q

Frontalis

A

muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

49
Q

Temporalis

A

moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

50
Q

Masseter

A

moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth specifically for chewing, one of the strongest muscles in the body

51
Q

Pectoralis

A

makes up most of the chest muscles

52
Q

External/Internal Obliques

A

in the abdomen

53
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

helps flex the trunk, assists with breathing, supports the spine

54
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

on the side of the abdomen, core muscle which engages when you laugh or cough

55
Q

Deltoid

A

forms the cap of the shoulder

56
Q

Trapezius

A

moves head and shoulder blade

57
Q

Biceps brachii

A

anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow

58
Q

Triceps brachii

A

posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

59
Q

Rectus femoris

A

anterior thigh, extends the leg at the knee

60
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

made up of 4 muscles in the anterior thigh which extend the leg at the knee

61
Q

Hamstring group

A

posterior thigh, extends the hip and flexes the foot

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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