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Medical Terminology > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

brady-

A

slow

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2
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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3
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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4
Q

pulm/o

A

lung

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5
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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6
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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7
Q

peri-

A

around

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8
Q

hyper-

A

high, beyond, excessive

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9
Q

-stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing

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10
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

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11
Q

endo-

A

inside

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12
Q

hypo-

A

beneath, below

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13
Q

-emia

A

condition of the blood

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14
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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15
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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16
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel or lymph vessel

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17
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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18
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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19
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

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20
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

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21
Q

epi-

A

above, upon, on

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22
Q

hem/a, hem/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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23
Q

hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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24
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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25
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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26
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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27
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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28
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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29
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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30
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

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31
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

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32
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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33
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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34
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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35
Q

Blood returns waste products from tissues to the ____ to be elimated

A

kidneys

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36
Q

Layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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37
Q

receiving chambers

A

atria

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38
Q

pumping chambers

A

ventricles

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39
Q

septum

A

separates heart into left and right

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40
Q

carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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41
Q

returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart

A

veins

42
Q

deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells of tissues

A

capillaries

43
Q

plasma after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed

A

serum

44
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

45
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets, clotting agent

46
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells, fights infection

47
Q

neutrophils

A

most common type of WBC

48
Q

basophils

A

least common type of WBC

49
Q

eosinophils

A

WBC which destroys parasitic organisms and plays a major role in allergic reactions

50
Q

lymphocytes

A

WBC which identifies germs and produces antibodies against them

51
Q

monocytes

A

WBC which provides immune defense against many infectious organisms

52
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood to all parts of the body except for the lungs

53
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood only between the heart and the lungs

54
Q

sinoatrial node

A

known as the natural pacemaker, starts each wave of muscle contraction

55
Q

atrioventricular node

A

receives impulses from the SA node and transmits them to the bundle of His

56
Q

bundle of His

A

ensures the sequence of heart contractions, transmits impulses to the Purkinje fibers

57
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

specialized fibers which relay impulses to the cells of the ventricles and cause them to contract, forcing blood out through the aorta

58
Q

blood pressure

A

measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of arteries

59
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure occurring when the ventricles contract

60
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure occurring when the ventricles are relaxed, between heartbeats

61
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

62
Q

congenital heart defect

A

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

63
Q

coronary heart disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

64
Q

cholesterol

A

plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

65
Q

ischemic heart disease

A

group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

66
Q

angina

A

condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

67
Q

nitroglycerin

A

vasodilator often prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina; increases blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart

68
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack

69
Q

infarction

A

sudden insufficiency of blood

70
Q

occlusion

A

total blockage

71
Q

congestive heart faliure

A

heart is unable to pump out all the blood that it receives, causes congestion

72
Q

cardiomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the heart

73
Q

heart murmur

A

abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart or neighboring large blood vessels

74
Q

valvular prolapse

A

abnormal protrusion of a heart valve which results in the inability of the valve to close completely

75
Q

valvular stenosis

A

condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more of the valves of the heart

76
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart abruptly stops or even develops very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

77
Q

arrhythmia

A

describes abnormality or loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

78
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

“a fib” occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall

79
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

“v fib” rapid, irregular, and ineffective contractions of the ventricles

80
Q

angiitis

A

inflammation of the blood or lymph vessels

81
Q

angiostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the blood vessel

82
Q

aneurysm

A

localized weak spot of balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

83
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries, any group of diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of arterial walls

84
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins, valves in the veins malfunction and allow blood to pool in these veins, causing them to enlarge

85
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot attached to the interior wall of a artery or a vein

86
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking the coronary artery

87
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

condition of having a thrombus attached the the wall of a deep vein

88
Q

embolism

A

sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

89
Q

embolus

A

foreign object; blood clot, air, gas, fat, or tissue

90
Q

hemochromatosis

A

iron overload disease; genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

91
Q

septicemia

A

blood poisoning; systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood

92
Q

cholesterol

A

fatty substances which travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body, not all bad

93
Q

leukemia

A

cancer characterized by progressive increase in abnormal leukocytes found in the blood forming tissue

94
Q

anemia

A

lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood

95
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

96
Q

iron-deficiency anemia

A

iron is an essential component of hemoglobin. without sufficient iron to create hemoglobin, blood cannot carry oxygen effectively

97
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

red blood cells assume an abnormal sickle shape

98
Q

hypertension

A

elevation of blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the cardiovascular system

99
Q

antihypertensive

A

medications such as ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers which lower BP

100
Q

hypotension

A

lower than normal arterial blood pressure

101
Q

thrombocytemia

A

abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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