Digestive System Pathology Flashcards
Bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
Dentist
specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of teeth and tissue of the oral cavity
Gastroenterologist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the stomach and intestines
Internist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of internal organs and related body systems
Orthodontist
prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial features
Periodontist
prevents and treats disorders of the tissue surrounding the teeth
Proctologist
specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
aphthous ulcers
mouth ulcers with unknown cause
herpes labialis
cold sores caused by oral herpes
oral thrush
creamy white lesions on the tongue and inner cheeks
stomatomycosis
any disease of the mouth due to fungus
stomatorrhagia
bleeding from any opening of the mouth
xerostomia
dry mouth, lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretion of the salivary glands
cleft lip
deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development
cleft palate
failure of the palate to close during early development of the fetus; creates an opening between the nose and the mouth
bruxism
involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth associated with tension and stress
dental calculus
dental plaque that has calcified on the teeth
dental caries
tooth decay or cavities; caused by bacteria that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth
dental plaque
major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, consists of bacteria and bacteria bi-products
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
halitosis
bad breath, can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease, upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
pyrosis
heartburn, burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach content into the esophagus
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach lining often caused by bacteria
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
gastrorrhea
excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach
peptic ulcers
sores which affect the mucous membrane of the digestive system
dehydration
condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body’s normal electrolyte balance
malnutrition
lack of proper food or nutrition in the body due to shortage of food, poor eating habits, or inability of the body to digest, absorb, or distribute these nutrients
malabsorption
condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating
dyspepsia
indigestion, pain or discomfort in digestion
emesis
vomiting
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
nausea
the urge to vomit
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
colorectal carcinoma
colon cancer, often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon
diverticulitis
inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon
dysentary
bacterial infection that occurs most often in hot countries; spread through food or water contaminated by human feces
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon, common condition of unknown cause which leads to intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
intussusception
telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
Crohn’s Disease
chronic autoimmune disease that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; penetrates every layer of tissue of the affected area; results in the thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area; very painful
Celiac Disease
inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to foods including gluten
anal fissure
small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus which can cause severe pain during bowel movement
bowel incontinence
inability to control the excretion of feces
constipation
having bowel movements fewer than 3 times a week; stools are hard, dry, small in size and difficult to eliminate
diarrhea
abnormal frequent flow of lose or watery stool that can lead to dehydration
hemorrhoids
occur when a cluster of veins, muscle and tissue slip near or through the anal opening; the veins can become inflamed, resulting in pain, fecal leakage, and bleeding
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver; caused by 5 viral variations
HAV
most prevalent type of hepatitis, highly contagious
HBV
hepatitis transmitted through blood and other contaminated body floods; there is a vaccine to protect against this
HCV
hepatitis transmitted through contact with blood and other contaminated body fluids; no vaccine available
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and eyes; caused by greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood
cirrhosis
progressive degenerative disease of the liver caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C
cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
gallstone
hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to concretion of bile components
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
