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Medical Terminology > Digestive System Pathology > Flashcards

Digestive System Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bariatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

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2
Q

Dentist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of teeth and tissue of the oral cavity

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3
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the stomach and intestines

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4
Q

Internist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of internal organs and related body systems

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5
Q

Orthodontist

A

prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial features

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6
Q

Periodontist

A

prevents and treats disorders of the tissue surrounding the teeth

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7
Q

Proctologist

A

specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

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8
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

mouth ulcers with unknown cause

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9
Q

herpes labialis

A

cold sores caused by oral herpes

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10
Q

oral thrush

A

creamy white lesions on the tongue and inner cheeks

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11
Q

stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to fungus

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12
Q

stomatorrhagia

A

bleeding from any opening of the mouth

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13
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth, lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretion of the salivary glands

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14
Q

cleft lip

A

deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

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15
Q

cleft palate

A

failure of the palate to close during early development of the fetus; creates an opening between the nose and the mouth

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16
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth associated with tension and stress

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17
Q

dental calculus

A

dental plaque that has calcified on the teeth

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18
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay or cavities; caused by bacteria that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth

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19
Q

dental plaque

A

major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, consists of bacteria and bacteria bi-products

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20
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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21
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath, can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders

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22
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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23
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease, upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

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24
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn, burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach content into the esophagus

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25
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach lining often caused by bacteria

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26
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines

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27
Q

gastrorrhea

A

excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach

28
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores which affect the mucous membrane of the digestive system

29
Q

dehydration

A

condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body’s normal electrolyte balance

30
Q

malnutrition

A

lack of proper food or nutrition in the body due to shortage of food, poor eating habits, or inability of the body to digest, absorb, or distribute these nutrients

31
Q

malabsorption

A

condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

32
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

33
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating

34
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion, pain or discomfort in digestion

35
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

36
Q

eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

37
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

38
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

39
Q

nausea

A

the urge to vomit

40
Q

regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

41
Q

colorectal carcinoma

A

colon cancer, often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon

42
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon

43
Q

dysentary

A

bacterial infection that occurs most often in hot countries; spread through food or water contaminated by human feces

44
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

45
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine

46
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon, common condition of unknown cause which leads to intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea

47
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

48
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part

49
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

chronic autoimmune disease that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; penetrates every layer of tissue of the affected area; results in the thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area; very painful

50
Q

Celiac Disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to foods including gluten

51
Q

anal fissure

A

small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus which can cause severe pain during bowel movement

52
Q

bowel incontinence

A

inability to control the excretion of feces

53
Q

constipation

A

having bowel movements fewer than 3 times a week; stools are hard, dry, small in size and difficult to eliminate

54
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormal frequent flow of lose or watery stool that can lead to dehydration

55
Q

hemorrhoids

A

occur when a cluster of veins, muscle and tissue slip near or through the anal opening; the veins can become inflamed, resulting in pain, fecal leakage, and bleeding

56
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver; caused by 5 viral variations

57
Q

HAV

A

most prevalent type of hepatitis, highly contagious

58
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis transmitted through blood and other contaminated body floods; there is a vaccine to protect against this

59
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis transmitted through contact with blood and other contaminated body fluids; no vaccine available

60
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver

61
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and eyes; caused by greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood

62
Q

cirrhosis

A

progressive degenerative disease of the liver caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C

63
Q

cholecystalgia

A

pain in the gallbladder

64
Q

gallstone

A

hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to concretion of bile components

65
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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