Digestive System Flashcards
anus, ring
an/o
bile, gall
chol/e
gallbladder
cholecyst/o
colon, large intestine
col/o, colon/o
vomiting
-emesis
esophagus
esophag/o
breath
halit/o
liver
hepat/o
presence of stones
-lithiasis
fungus
myc/o
tooth
odont/o
mouth, oral cavity
or/o
pancreas
pancreat/o
digest, digestion
-pepsia
eating, swallowing
-phagia
rectum, straight
rect/o
sigmoid colon
sigmoid/o
anus and rectum
proct/o
mouth, oral cavity
stomat/o, stom/o
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
GI tract
gastrointestinal tract
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
UC
ulcerative colitis
COL
colonoscopy
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
upper GI tract
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
lower GI tract
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
lips
form the opening of the oral cavity
hard palate
bony anterior portion of the palate
soft palate
flexible posterior portion of the palate
uvula
hangs from the free edge of the soft palate
tongue
moves food while chewing and swallowing
gingiva
gums
maxillary arches
upper jaw
mandibular arches
lower jaw
temporomandibular joint
joint where maxillary arch and mandibular arch come together
periodontium
bone and soft tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
crown
portion of the teeth that’s visible in the mouth, covered with enamel
roots
hold teeth securely in place
cervix
neck of the tooth which connects the crown to the root
dentin
bulk of the tooth, protected by enamel and cementum
pulp
rich supply of blood vessels and nerves which provide nutrients to the tooth
saliva
begins the digestive process, colorless liquid which moistens the mouth
pharynx
transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
epiglottis
structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx while swallowing
esophagus
transfers food from the pharynx to the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter, controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach
mastication
chewing
bolus
mass of food which has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
fundus
upper, round part of the stomach
body
main portion of the stomach
antrum
lower part of the stomach
rugae
folds in the stomach lining
pylorus
connects stomach and small intestine
stomach
begins the digestive process with gastric juices, converts food into chyme
chyme
semi fluid mass of partially digested food, moves from the stomach into the small intestine
small intestine
completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
duodenum
chyme mixes with pancreatic juices and bile to break down fat globules in the small intestine
jejunum
secretes large amounts of digestive enzymes to continue digestion in the small intestine
ileum
absorbs nutrients in the small intestine
large intestine
absorbs excess water and prepares feces for elimination; consists of cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
colon
longest portion of the large intestine; has four parts; ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
liver
removes excess glucose from the blood stream, removes toxins from the blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fats
gallbladder
stores bile
pancreas
secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed
anabolism
building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
catabolism
breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide
villi
covers the lining of the small intestine and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
lacteals
located in the villi to absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins, transports them to the cells of the body via lymphatic vessels
