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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anus, ring

A

an/o

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2
Q

bile, gall

A

chol/e

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3
Q

gallbladder

A

cholecyst/o

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4
Q

colon, large intestine

A

col/o, colon/o

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5
Q

vomiting

A

-emesis

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6
Q

esophagus

A

esophag/o

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7
Q

breath

A

halit/o

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8
Q

liver

A

hepat/o

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9
Q

presence of stones

A

-lithiasis

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10
Q

fungus

A

myc/o

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11
Q

tooth

A

odont/o

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12
Q

mouth, oral cavity

A

or/o

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13
Q

pancreas

A

pancreat/o

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14
Q

digest, digestion

A

-pepsia

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15
Q

eating, swallowing

A

-phagia

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16
Q

rectum, straight

A

rect/o

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17
Q

sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid/o

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18
Q

anus and rectum

A

proct/o

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19
Q

mouth, oral cavity

A

stomat/o, stom/o

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20
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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21
Q

GI tract

A

gastrointestinal tract

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22
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

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23
Q

UC

A

ulcerative colitis

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24
Q

COL

A

colonoscopy

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25
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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26
Q

upper GI tract

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

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27
Q

lower GI tract

A

small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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28
Q

lips

A

form the opening of the oral cavity

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29
Q

hard palate

A

bony anterior portion of the palate

30
Q

soft palate

A

flexible posterior portion of the palate

31
Q

uvula

A

hangs from the free edge of the soft palate

32
Q

tongue

A

moves food while chewing and swallowing

33
Q

gingiva

A

gums

34
Q

maxillary arches

A

upper jaw

34
Q

mandibular arches

A

lower jaw

35
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

joint where maxillary arch and mandibular arch come together

36
Q

periodontium

A

bone and soft tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth

37
Q

crown

A

portion of the teeth that’s visible in the mouth, covered with enamel

38
Q

roots

A

hold teeth securely in place

39
Q

cervix

A

neck of the tooth which connects the crown to the root

40
Q

dentin

A

bulk of the tooth, protected by enamel and cementum

41
Q

pulp

A

rich supply of blood vessels and nerves which provide nutrients to the tooth

42
Q

saliva

A

begins the digestive process, colorless liquid which moistens the mouth

43
Q

pharynx

A

transports food from the mouth to the esophagus

44
Q

epiglottis

A

structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx while swallowing

45
Q

esophagus

A

transfers food from the pharynx to the stomach

46
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

gastroesophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter, controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach

47
Q

mastication

A

chewing

48
Q

bolus

A

mass of food which has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

49
Q

fundus

A

upper, round part of the stomach

50
Q

body

A

main portion of the stomach

51
Q

antrum

A

lower part of the stomach

52
Q

rugae

A

folds in the stomach lining

53
Q

pylorus

A

connects stomach and small intestine

54
Q

stomach

A

begins the digestive process with gastric juices, converts food into chyme

55
Q

chyme

A

semi fluid mass of partially digested food, moves from the stomach into the small intestine

56
Q

small intestine

A

completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

57
Q

duodenum

A

chyme mixes with pancreatic juices and bile to break down fat globules in the small intestine

58
Q

jejunum

A

secretes large amounts of digestive enzymes to continue digestion in the small intestine

59
Q

ileum

A

absorbs nutrients in the small intestine

60
Q

large intestine

A

absorbs excess water and prepares feces for elimination; consists of cecum, colon, rectum, and anus

61
Q

colon

A

longest portion of the large intestine; has four parts; ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

62
Q

liver

A

removes excess glucose from the blood stream, removes toxins from the blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fats

63
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

64
Q

pancreas

A

secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed

65
Q

anabolism

A

building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

66
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

67
Q

villi

A

covers the lining of the small intestine and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream

68
Q

lacteals

A

located in the villi to absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins, transports them to the cells of the body via lymphatic vessels

69
Q
A

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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