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Medical Terminology > Skeletal Terms to Know > Flashcards

Skeletal Terms to Know Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-ago

A

diseased condition

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2
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, fused together

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3
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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4
Q

chondr/i, chondr/o

A

cartilage

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5
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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6
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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7
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation of a bone or joint; to bind; tie together

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8
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper hip bone)

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9
Q

kyph/o

A

hump, bent

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10
Q

lord/o

A

curve; swayback; bent

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11
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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12
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord; bone marrow

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13
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

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14
Q

pod/o

A

foot

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15
Q

-poietic

A

pertaining to formation

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16
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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17
Q

scoli/o

A

curved; bent; crooked

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18
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra; vertebral column; backbone

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19
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane; synovial fluid

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20
Q

-um

A

singular noun ending

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21
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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22
Q

Fx

A

fracture

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23
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

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24
Q

PMR

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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25
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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26
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

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27
Q

The skeletal system consists of…

A

bones, joints, ligaments, synovial membranes/fluids, and bursa

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28
Q

Periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of the bone

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29
Q

Compact bone

A

dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective covering of bone

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30
Q

Spongy bone

A

commonly found in ends and inner portions of long bones, contains red bone marrow

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31
Q

Medullary cavity

A

located in the shaft of long bones and surrounded by compact bone

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32
Q

Endosteum

A

tissue which lines the medullary cavity

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33
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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34
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

wide end of the bone nearest to the midline of the body

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35
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

wide end of the bone furthest from the midline of the body

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36
Q

Foramen

A

opening in the bone which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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37
Q

Process

A

normal projection on the surface on the bone which serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

38
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

fat storage area located in the medullary cavity

39
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue. Shock absorber

40
Q

Meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (ex: knee)

41
Q

Joint

A

AKA “articulations”

42
Q

Fibrous joint

A

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, AKA sutures, moveable in infants before solidification (ex: skull)

43
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

allows only slight movement and consists of bones connected entirely of cartilage (ex: ribs to sternum)

44
Q

Synovial joint

A

most common joint, alloves a variety of movements

45
Q

Hip socket

A

acetabulum

46
Q

How many bones does the average human adult have?

A

206

47
Q

How many bones are babies born with?

A

300

48
Q

Axial skeleton

A

protects the major organs (ex: skull, ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae)

49
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

makes body movements possible; protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction (ex: shoulders, arms, forearms, hips, legs, ankles)

50
Q

formed around a fracture in the area of the break

A

callus

51
Q

closed/simple fracture

A

bone is broken but does not cause an open wound of the skin

52
Q

open/compound fracture

A

the broken bone creates an open wound

53
Q

comminuted fracture

A

the bone is splintered or crushed

54
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bone is bent and only partially broken, occurs primarily in abused children

55
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at an angle across the bone

56
Q

pathological fracture

A

when the bone is weakened by disease process and breaks under normal strain

57
Q

spiral fracture

A

occurs from severe twisting motion, bone is twisted apart, primarily in abuse cases

58
Q

stress fracture

A

an overuse injury which causes a small crack which develops from chronic impact

59
Q

transverse fracture

A

fracture which is straight across the bone

60
Q

compression fracture

A

broken bone that is pressed together on itself

61
Q

grating sound of broken bones moving together

A

crepitation

62
Q

ankylosis

A

loss or absence of mobility in a joint do to disease, injury, or surgery

63
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint, usually to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint

64
Q

arthrosclerosis

A

stiffness of the joints

65
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

66
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

67
Q

chondroma

A

slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

68
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

69
Q

hallux valgus

A

bunion, abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

70
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within the joint

71
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane which results in the swelling and pain of the affected joint

72
Q

osteoarthritis

A

wear and tear arthritis, degenerative joint disease, commonly associated with aging

73
Q

gouty arthritis

A

arthritis which is characterized with deposits of uric acid in the joints

74
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the body are attacked

75
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of rheumatoid arthritis which causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

76
Q

herniated disk

A

breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on the spinal nerve root

77
Q

lumbago

A

lower back pain of the lumbar region of the spine

78
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body in one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

79
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

80
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

81
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

82
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

83
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

84
Q

craniostenosis

A

malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures

85
Q

fibrous dysplasia

A

bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous, scar-like tissue

86
Q

osteonecrosis

A

death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply

87
Q

paget’s disease

A

bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

88
Q

rickets disease

A

deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth, results from vitamin d deficiency

89
Q

osteoporosis

A

marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, associated with aging

90
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density in a younger person

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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