Skeletal Terms to Know Flashcards
-ago
diseased condition
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, fused together
arthr/o
joint
chondr/i, chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
surgical fixation of a bone or joint; to bind; tie together
ili/o
ilium (upper hip bone)
kyph/o
hump, bent
lord/o
curve; swayback; bent
-listhesis
slipping
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
bone
pod/o
foot
-poietic
pertaining to formation
sacr/o
sacrum
scoli/o
curved; bent; crooked
spondyl/o
vertebra; vertebral column; backbone
synovi/o, synov/o
synovial membrane; synovial fluid
-um
singular noun ending
vertebr/o
vertebra
Fx
fracture
OA
osteoarthritis
PMR
polymyalgia rheumatica
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
The skeletal system consists of…
bones, joints, ligaments, synovial membranes/fluids, and bursa
Periosteum
tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of the bone
Compact bone
dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective covering of bone
Spongy bone
commonly found in ends and inner portions of long bones, contains red bone marrow
Medullary cavity
located in the shaft of long bones and surrounded by compact bone
Endosteum
tissue which lines the medullary cavity
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
Proximal epiphysis
wide end of the bone nearest to the midline of the body
Distal epiphysis
wide end of the bone furthest from the midline of the body
Foramen
opening in the bone which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
Process
normal projection on the surface on the bone which serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons
Yellow bone marrow
fat storage area located in the medullary cavity
Cartilage
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue. Shock absorber
Meniscus
curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (ex: knee)
Joint
AKA “articulations”
Fibrous joint
inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, AKA sutures, moveable in infants before solidification (ex: skull)
Cartilaginous joint
allows only slight movement and consists of bones connected entirely of cartilage (ex: ribs to sternum)
Synovial joint
most common joint, alloves a variety of movements
Hip socket
acetabulum
How many bones does the average human adult have?
206
How many bones are babies born with?
300
Axial skeleton
protects the major organs (ex: skull, ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae)
Appendicular skeleton
makes body movements possible; protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction (ex: shoulders, arms, forearms, hips, legs, ankles)
formed around a fracture in the area of the break
callus
closed/simple fracture
bone is broken but does not cause an open wound of the skin
open/compound fracture
the broken bone creates an open wound
comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed
greenstick fracture
bone is bent and only partially broken, occurs primarily in abused children
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle across the bone
pathological fracture
when the bone is weakened by disease process and breaks under normal strain
spiral fracture
occurs from severe twisting motion, bone is twisted apart, primarily in abuse cases
stress fracture
an overuse injury which causes a small crack which develops from chronic impact
transverse fracture
fracture which is straight across the bone
compression fracture
broken bone that is pressed together on itself
grating sound of broken bones moving together
crepitation
ankylosis
loss or absence of mobility in a joint do to disease, injury, or surgery
arthrodesis
surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint, usually to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint
arthrosclerosis
stiffness of the joints
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
chondroma
slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
hallux valgus
bunion, abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hemarthrosis
blood within the joint
synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane which results in the swelling and pain of the affected joint
osteoarthritis
wear and tear arthritis, degenerative joint disease, commonly associated with aging
gouty arthritis
arthritis which is characterized with deposits of uric acid in the joints
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the body are attacked
ankylosing spondylitis
form of rheumatoid arthritis which causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
herniated disk
breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on the spinal nerve root
lumbago
lower back pain of the lumbar region of the spine
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping movement of the body in one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
spina bifida
congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
kyphosis
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
craniostenosis
malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures
fibrous dysplasia
bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous, scar-like tissue
osteonecrosis
death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply
paget’s disease
bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
rickets disease
deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth, results from vitamin d deficiency
osteoporosis
marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, associated with aging
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density in a younger person
