The multi store memory model Flashcards
What is the multistore memory model?
A representation of how memory works, also describes how information is transferred between stores and how its remembered and how its forgotten
What is iconic
visual
What is echoic?
sound
What is the sensory register?
The first store of the Multi store model sensory information is taken from the environment before being transferred into short term memory or long term memory
What is echoic?
Sound information with duration of 2 seconds
What is iconic?
visual sensing
What is coding?
Transforming information into a format that can be restored and retrieved from memory.
What is duration?
How long a piece of information can last in a memory store
What is capacity?
The amount of memory information that can be retained in each memory store
What is the Duration of the sensory register?
0-2 seconds
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
A lot but not for long
Who researched short term memory?
Peterson and Peterson
Summarise experiment of short term memory
-24 students in 8 trials each
-given a constant syllable such as YCG
- given a 3 digit number and asked to count back wards, by counting it prevented any mental rehearsal
-after 3 seconds recall was about 80%
-after18 seconds the recall was about 3%
-findings suggested that STM is about 18 seconds
what is the duration of short term memory
18 seconds
What is the capacity of short term memory
5-9 chunks
How is short term memory encoded?
acoustically
How is the multistore memory model coded?
Through 5 senses
What are the findings of Petersons and Petersons experiment?
Short term memory has a short duration but can increase with more rehearsal
Who researched capacity of short term memory?
Miller
Summarise milers experiment of capacity
-He proposed that the capacity of stm is limited to about 7 items
- he discovered that people could increase the amount of information they remember by grouping individual items into larger chunks.
What are the applications of Millers experiment?
-explains phone numbers licensee plates and post codes
What is the evaluation of millers experiment?
-Millers research has been widely supported and remains influential, although some later studies may suggest that the exact capacity may vary depending on factors such as nature of the items and individual differences on cognitive ability
What is a criticism of Millers experiment?
-overestimate capacity -ignores complex information
What are the findings for Jacobs experiment?
-supports millers research
mean for numbers 9
mean for letters 7
Who researched coding of short term memory?
Baddeley
Summarise Baddeley experiment
- gave different lists of words to four groups of participants to remember
-group 1 acoustically similar
-group 2 acoustically dissimilar
group 3 semantically similar
group 4 semantically dissimilar
-participants were shown the original words and asked to recall them in the correct order - tended to do worst with acoustically similar words on stm but did worse on ltm for the semantically similar words after 20 minutes
What do the findings of Baddeley experiments suggest?
These findings suggest that information is coded acoustically in short-term memory and semantically in long term memory.
Duration of short term memory
18 seconds
Capacity of short term memory
5-9 chunks
coding of short-term memory
acoustically
Duration of sensory register
0-2 seconds
capacity of sensory register
a lot but not for long
coding of sensory register
5 senses
strength of Peterson and Peterson
used standardised procedure - reliable, repeatable
Weaknesses of Peterson and Peterson
Artificial stimuli, - made up not based on real life lacks external validity
strength of Miller experiment
- supported evidence, jacobs 7+2 both found capacity
Weaknesses of Millers experiment
ignores participant variables - learning disability - extraneous variables
strength of Baddeley experiment
-large sample size - generalised population
Weaknesses of Baddeley experiment
Volunteer sample - biased
