Retrieval failure Flashcards
What is a retrieval failure?
A form of forgetting that occurs when we don’t have the necessary cues to access the memory
What is a cue?
A cue is a trigger of information that allows us to access a memory
What are Mnemonic techniques?
A system such as a pattern of letters ideas or associations to aid memory
What is context depending forgetting?
Environment during recall is different from the environment it was learnt in
What is State dependent forgetting?
Mood or psychological state during recall is different to the state you learnt it in
Evidence of Godden and Baddeley experiment
-in two of these conditions the environmental contexts of learning and recall matched whereas in the other two they did not . Accurate recall was about40% lower in the non matching conditions
How could the evidence of Baddeley experiment be evaluated?
list of words uses a standardised procedure therefore can repeat the study, becomes replicable, and so it is reliable
summarise carter and Cassidy study
-looked at effect on antihistamines, gave antihistamines to their participants slightly drowsy. This creates an internal psychological state different from the normal state of being awake and alert
group 1 learn on drug - recall when om
group 2 learn on drug - recall when off
group 3 learn not on drug -recall when on
group 4 -learn not on the drug- recall when not on it
What are the findings of the carter and Cassidy study?
-in the conditions were they were mismatch internal states at learning and recall, performance on memory was significantly worse, so when cues are absent there is more forgetting .
What did Tulving discover in 1983, with retrieval failure?
-He discovered a consistent pattern to the findings he summarised that this pattern in what he called encoding specificity principle. This states that a cue must be present when a memory is encoded and is present at retrieval. If cues are different when encoding and retrieving, forgetting will occur.
Evaluate Godden and Baddeley research
-list of words uses standardised procedure
-repeat the study
-reliable
Summarise Baddeley and Godden experiment
- deep sea divers learnt a list of words underwater or on land and were asked to recall the words either underwater or on land.
group 1-learn on land - recall on land
group 2 - learn on land -recall underwater
group 3-learn underwater- recall on land
group 4 -learn underwater -recall underwater
Evaluate carter ad Cassidy’s study
- drugs can have varying side effects on people - extraneous variable
