Long term memory Flashcards
What is long term memory?
A storage system for memory’s and information which can be permeant
- allows us to retain and retrieve info hours, days after it was learnt
Who researched long term memory?
Bahrick
Summarise Barhricks experiment
392 American participants between 17 and 74- high school years books were obtained from the participants or directly from schools
-participants tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate in photo recognition. After 48 years recall declined to about 70%
-free recall was about 60%after 15 years dropping to 30% after 48 years
In way ways did Bahrick experiment
- photo recognition
-free recall
How long does long term lasts
lifetime, unlimited
Who researched capacity of long term memory?
Ramsar
Summarise Ramscar experiment
coding of long term memory
Baddeley conducted a study looking into how short term and long term memory are encoded
participant were shown a string of words that are semantically similar, semantically dissimilar, acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar
How does Baddeley experiment link to long term memory
LTM is encoded semantically as information is coded based on meaning
Craik and Lockhart
They believed the deeper information is processed the better it is remembered
semantic processing gives that deepest processing and best recall
how is long term memory encoded
semantically
What is duration of long term memory
unlimited
Capacity of ltm
up to a life time
Primary effect
-able to recall the first few items of a list better than those in the middle
- the msm explains this because earlier items have been rehearsed better and transformed into ltm
-
Recencey effect
-remember last few items better than those in the middle
- the words in the middle if not rehearsed are displaced by the last words heard as these are in short term memory
Weakness of multi store memory model
-evidence of more than 1 short term memory store
Evidence of more than 1 short term memory
-Shallice and Warrington studied a client referred to as KF who had amnesia. KF’s short term memory for digits was very poor when they were read aloud for him (acoustic). His recall was better when he read them himself.
Weakness of Duration research
Peterson and Peterson used an artificial stimuli which lacks external validity - cannot apply findings beyond people who were studied
Strength of Duration research
-High external validity- Barhick tested meaningful memories
Strength for capacity research
Jacobs study has been replicated- reliable and valid test of digit span in short term memory
Weakness for capacity research
Miller overestimated short term memory - others suggest that 5 items is more appropriate than 7
Weakness for coding research
-Artificial stimuli - findings have limited application- lacks external validity
Strengths of coding research
-Baddeley identifies a clear differences between the two memory stores stm and ltm
