Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2. Neurophysiology. > The Motor System. Lesion in the Brain. > Flashcards

The Motor System. Lesion in the Brain. Flashcards

1
Q

Will lesions to the spinal cord or brain affect only 1 neurological pathway?

A

It is quite likely that they will affect more than 1 pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What dictates the clinical signs that are associated with a neurological lesion?

A

The exact location of the lesion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What areas of the body will be affected by a lesion in the brain or spinal cord?

A

The areas of the body that are downstream or caudal to the lesion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the brain is affected by seizures?

A

Only present the forebrain is affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first thing to do when dealing with a lesion of the nervous system?

A

Finding out where the lesion is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can we discover the location of a lesion in the brain or spinal cord?

A

By observing the clinical signs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should we do once we have worked out the location of a neurological lesion in the spinal cord?

A

We want to find out which neurological tracts run through that particular area of the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can neurological lesions occur in the brain?

A

The forebrain.

The brainstem.

The cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How will lesions in the cerebellum affect the body?

A

They affect coordination.

This results in differences between what the body wants the limbs to do and they actually do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of movements are characteristic of damage to the cerebellum?

A

Uncoordinated movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What parts of the body are affected by lesions in the brainstem?

A

All of the body as all incoming senses must go through the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Will lesions to the brainstem affect motor neurons?

A

Yes, as they pass through the brain stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of movements will we get if there is a lesion in the brainstem?

A

Uncoordinated movements (ataxia).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerves will not be affected by a lesion in the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerves 1 (smell) and 2 (vision).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Will a lesion in the brainstem affect the cranial nerves?

A

It affects all cranial nerves except CN 1 and CN2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can we pinpoint the location of a lesion in the brainstem?

A

By performing checks on the cranial nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lesions to what part of the brain are most likely to affect behaviour and memory?

A

The forebrain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 parts of the forebrain?

A

The cerebrum and the diencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 5 areas of the cortex will be affected by lesions to the forebrain?

A

The somatosensory cortex.

The visual cortex.

The auditory cortex.

The olfactory cortex.

The motor cortex/pyramidal system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 major areas of the brainstem?

A

The mesencephalon.

The metencephalon.

The myelencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is generally processed in the forebrain?

A

Mental status and behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the mental status in animals that have suffered a forebrain lesion?

A

They tend to be very depressed and they can sometimes be in a stupor or coma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a common behaviour in animals that have suffered a forebrain lesion?

A

Pacing, other common behaviours are circling, or memory loss.

24
Q

Seizures only occur in what part of the brain?

A

The forebrain.

25
Q

Will postural responses be affected if there is a lesion in the forebrain?

A

Yes, as the pyramidal system runs through the forebrain.

26
Q

Will the animals gait be normal if there is a lesion in the forebrain?

A

Yes.

27
Q

Will the animals be able to perform normal fine motor movements if there is a lesion in the forebrain?

A

No, as the movements for postural responses and for fine motor movement are controlled in the forebrain.

28
Q

Will the animal lose the ability to feel touches or pain if there is a lesion in the forebrain?

A

It may also lose the ability to feel pain or touch.

29
Q

What cranial nerves will be affected by a lesion in the forebrain?

A

Cranial nerves 1 and 2 (smell and vision).

30
Q

At what point of the brain will the pyramidal system and conscious proprioceptive system both cross over?

A

In the medulla.

31
Q

Will the menace response be normal if there is a lesion to the cranial nerves of the forebrain?

A

No, it will be absent.

32
Q

How will the animal behave if it has a forebrain lesion?

A

Compulsive behaviour.

There may also be a loss of appetite/thirst if the hypothalamus is is affected.

33
Q

Will the PLR response be normal if there is a lesion to the cranial nerves of the forebrain?

A

No.

34
Q

Why will lesions in the brainstem affect an animals mental status?

A

As the incoming information has to travel to the forebrain via the brainstem.

35
Q

Will all incoming information to the brain travel through the brain stem?

A

Yes.

36
Q

What is the mental status of an animal with a brainstem lesion?

A

Serious depression and often a coma or stupor.

37
Q

What is a stupor?

A

Serious depression where only very strong stimulation can bring the animal round.

38
Q

Will an animals depression be worse for lesions in the forebrain or the brain stem?

A

The depression tends to be worse for brainstem lesions brainstem than forebrain lesions as no information is getting through.

39
Q

Will there be behavioural changes associated with lesions in the brainstem?

A

No, as behaviour is governed by the forebrain.

40
Q

Will lesions in the brainstem affect gait?

A

Yes.

41
Q

Why will lesions in the brainstem affect gait?

A

As the extra pyramidal system originates in the brainstem.

42
Q

How do lesions of the brainstem affect the muscles of the body?

A

They tend to be very tense and there will be problems ranging from spasticity to paralysis.

43
Q

Will lesions in the brainstem affect upper or lower motor neurons?

A

Mainly upper motor neurons.

44
Q

Will there be postural responses associated with lesions in the brainstem?

A

Whenever gait is affected the postural responses will also be affected.

45
Q

Will the damage to postural responses following a lesion to the brainstem be ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

They tend to affect ipsi-lateral responses more than contra-lateral responses.

46
Q

What cranial nerves are located in the midbrain?

A

Cranial nerves 3 and 4.

47
Q

What cranial nerves are located in the pons?

A

Cranial nerve 5.

48
Q

What part of the brain governs coordination?

A

The cerebellum.

49
Q

What senses arise from the cerebellum?

A

Proprioceptive senses.

Extrapyramidal/pyramidal senses.

50
Q

Will lesions in the cerebellum affect gait?

A

Yes, but there will be no muscle weakness/paralysis.

51
Q

What movements are affected if there is a lesion in the cerebellum?

A

Large ranges of movements.

52
Q

Will the be a menace response in animals with lesions in the cerebellum?

A

No.

53
Q

Are there changes in mental status or behaviour with lesions in the cerebellum?

A

No.

54
Q

What kind of ataxia will we see with lesions in the cerebellum?

A

Proprioceptive ataxia and the animal will have a severe loss of coordination.

55
Q

What cranial nerves are affected by lesions in the cerebellum?

A

Cranial nerves 2 and 7.

56
Q

Will there be postural response deficits if there is a lesion in the cerebellum?

A

Yes.

Physiology 2. Neurophysiology. (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions