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Astronomy > The Moon > Flashcards

The Moon Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diameter of the moon compared to the earth?

A

27%

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2
Q

What is the mass of the moon compared to the earth?

A

1%

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3
Q

Is there an atmosphere on the moon?

A

no, the atmosphere appears black

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4
Q

This side of the moon always faces towards the earth

A

near side

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5
Q

this side of the moon always faces away from the earth

A

far side

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6
Q

The surface later of powdered rock created by meteorite impacts

A

Regolith

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7
Q

What is the moon’s albedo

A

11%

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8
Q

these, located on the surface of the moon, have a circular shape and hare created by meteoritic shock waves

A

Impact Craters

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9
Q

Where are impact craters mostly located?

A

Far side

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10
Q

What does it mean if a surface is heavily cratered?

A

it is very old and geologically inactive

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11
Q

What indicates high speed impacts to a surface?

A

Central Peaks

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12
Q

The Darker Grey areas and lower elevation of the moon that are referred to as lunar plains.

A

Maria

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13
Q

what percentage does the less cratered, younger areas of the lunar surface cover?

A

16%

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14
Q

what side of the moon does the maria dominate?

A

near Side

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15
Q

The dominant rock of the maria

A

mare basalt

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16
Q

what rock class is mare basalt

A

ingeneous

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17
Q

what minerals is mare basalt rich in?

A

iron, manganese, and titanium

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18
Q

what rock type on the moon is darker in color and more dense?

A

mare basalt

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19
Q

when magma flowed up from the mantle and flooded the crater basins with lava, then solidified, what did this form?

A

Maria

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20
Q

The lighter grey areas and higher elevation areas on the moon, known as lunar highlands are covered in what?

A

terrae

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21
Q

what percentage of the moon is covered in the more cratered, older areas?

A

84%

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22
Q

what side is terrae most dominant on?

A

far side

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23
Q

the dominant rock of the terrae

A

anorthosite

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24
Q

what minerals is anorthosite rich in?

A

silver, calcium, and aluminum

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25
Q

large impacts created large craters and thrust material upward, creating concave areas around the mare basin. this created what?

A

Lunar Mountains

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26
Q

this word represents long cliffs creates as the moon cooled and contracted

A

scarps

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27
Q

can small terrestrial worlds contain heat?

A

not as much or for as long as large ones

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28
Q

Heavy meteorite bombardments, creation of terrae, creation of giant mare basins, and cracks of the crust are newest, middle, or oldest events of the moon?

A

oldest

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29
Q

magma flowing up from the mantle and the creation of the maria is an old, middle, or new event of the moon?

A

middle

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30
Q

very light meteorite bombardment is an old, middle, or new event of the moon?

A

new

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31
Q

a very thick layer of rigid rock composed of one solid plate

A

lithosphere

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32
Q

mainly anorthosite and is thicker than the earth’s layer

A

crust

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33
Q

which sides, respectively, has the thinnest crust? thickest?

A

near side, far side

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34
Q

the surface of the mare basalt

A

upper mantle

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35
Q

a thinner layer of plastic rock

A

asthenosphere

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36
Q

mainly molten iron

A

outer core

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37
Q

mainly solid iron

A

inner core

38
Q

generating a magnetic field requires what?

A

moving, electrically conductive fluid

39
Q

what is the moon lacking that prevents it from having a magnetosphere?

A

megnetic field

40
Q

4.5 bya proto-earth was hit by _____ that eventually became the moon

A

theia

41
Q

how large was theia, approximately?

A

mars size

42
Q

the denser material of the theia collision did what?

A

sank/was pulled into the earth

43
Q

the lighter material of theia did what

A

coalesced into our moon

44
Q

what created earth’s axial tilt. what are the degrees?

A

The collision ejection theory, 23.4

45
Q

what is the moon’s core made of?

A

iron

46
Q

what is the moon’s mantle made of?

A

mare basalt

47
Q

what is the moon’s crust made of?

A

anorthosite

48
Q

how long is a siderial month?

A

27.3 days

49
Q

what is the moon’s rotation period?

A

27.3 days

50
Q

moons with a revolution direction identical to their planet’s rotation

A

prograde orbit

51
Q

identical revolution and rotation directions

A

progrde rotation

52
Q

identical revolution and rotation periods

A

synchronous rotation

53
Q

a straight line must occur between with sun earth and moon in order to create what?

A

Lunar Eclipses

54
Q

when can lunar eclipses occur?

A

during a full moon

55
Q

by how many degrees is the moon’s ecliptic plane inclined by?

A

5

56
Q

the darkest part of the shadow where the earth blocks all sunlight

A

umbra

57
Q

the lightest part of the shadow where the earth blocks some sunlight

A

penumbra

58
Q

the moon passes entirely within the earths umbra. It is still lit due to refraction of light through the earths atmostphere.

A

total lunar eclipset

59
Q

what is the result of a total lunar eclipse

A

a reddish full moon

60
Q

the moon passes entirely within the Earth’s penumbra

A

total penumbral lunar eclipse

61
Q

what is the result of a total penumbral lunar eclipse

A

a slightly dimmer full moon

62
Q

the moon passes partially within the earths umbra

A

partial lunar eclipse

63
Q

what is the result of a partial luncaar eclipse

A

a partially reddish full moon

64
Q

a straight line occurs between the sun, moon, and Earth. A new moon crosses the ecliptic plane at the line of nodes, so that the moon casts a shadow on the earth

A

Solar eclipses

65
Q

the darkest part of the shadow where the moon blocks all sunlight

A

umbra

66
Q

the lightest part of the shadow where the moon blocks some light

A

penumbra

67
Q

an observer is entirely within the moons umbbra

A

total solar eclipse

68
Q

when does a total solar eclipse occur?

A

at perigee, when the moon is closest to the earth

69
Q

what is the result of a total solar eclipse

A

the moon ‘just fits’ over the sun

70
Q

an observer is entirely within the moon’s antumbra

A

annular solar eclipse

71
Q

when does an annular solar eclipse occur?

A

at apogee, when the moon is furthest from the earth

72
Q

what is the result of an annular solar eclipse?

A

the moon appears “too small’ to fit over the sun

73
Q

an observer is entirely within the moon’s penumbra

A

partial solar eclipse

74
Q

what is the result of a partial solar eclipse

A

the moon partially covers the sun

75
Q

differences in the gravitational pull at different places on an object

A

tidal forces

76
Q

where do the 2 high tides each day occur?

A

the side facing towards and the side facing away from the moon

77
Q

what happens when the sun earth and moon make a straight line, regarding tidal waves?

A

they work together

78
Q

what type of tides does a new or full moon make?

A

high or spring tides

79
Q

when do the sun and moon pull against each other, regarding high tides?

A

right angle, 1st/3rd moons

80
Q

1st and 3rd moons create _____, or the lowest high tides

A

neap

81
Q

Darwin proposed the Earth and Moo’s tidal forces are slowing the Earth’s rotation and pushing the moon further away

A

tidal recession

82
Q

which direction do moons with prograde orbits rotate?

A

outward

83
Q

The first man-made object on the moon. (impactor) USSR 1959

A

Luna 2

84
Q

The first photos of the moon’s far side. (Flyby) USSR 1959

A

Luna 3

85
Q

First soft landing on the moon. USSR 1966

A

Luna 9

86
Q

First spacecraft to orbit the moon. USSR 1966

A

Luna 10

87
Q

First sample return from the moon. USSR 1970

A

Luna 16

88
Q

First Rover on the moon. USSR 1970

A

Lunokhod/Luna 17

89
Q

Nine impactors sent by NASA 1961-1965

A

Rangers

90
Q

Five orbiters that took High-res Pictures of the moon. NASA 1966-1967

A

Lunar Orbiters

91
Q

Seven soft landers. NASA 1966-1968

A

Surveyors

Astronomy (2 decks)

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