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The Moon Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diameter of the moon compared to the earth?

A

27%

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2
Q

What is the mass of the moon compared to the earth?

A

1%

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3
Q

Is there an atmosphere on the moon?

A

no, the atmosphere appears black

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4
Q

This side of the moon always faces towards the earth

A

near side

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5
Q

this side of the moon always faces away from the earth

A

far side

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6
Q

The surface later of powdered rock created by meteorite impacts

A

Regolith

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7
Q

What is the moon’s albedo

A

11%

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8
Q

these, located on the surface of the moon, have a circular shape and hare created by meteoritic shock waves

A

Impact Craters

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9
Q

Where are impact craters mostly located?

A

Far side

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10
Q

What does it mean if a surface is heavily cratered?

A

it is very old and geologically inactive

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11
Q

What indicates high speed impacts to a surface?

A

Central Peaks

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12
Q

The Darker Grey areas and lower elevation of the moon that are referred to as lunar plains.

A

Maria

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13
Q

what percentage does the less cratered, younger areas of the lunar surface cover?

A

16%

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14
Q

what side of the moon does the maria dominate?

A

near Side

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15
Q

The dominant rock of the maria

A

mare basalt

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16
Q

what rock class is mare basalt

A

ingeneous

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17
Q

what minerals is mare basalt rich in?

A

iron, manganese, and titanium

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18
Q

what rock type on the moon is darker in color and more dense?

A

mare basalt

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19
Q

when magma flowed up from the mantle and flooded the crater basins with lava, then solidified, what did this form?

A

Maria

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20
Q

The lighter grey areas and higher elevation areas on the moon, known as lunar highlands are covered in what?

A

terrae

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21
Q

what percentage of the moon is covered in the more cratered, older areas?

A

84%

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22
Q

what side is terrae most dominant on?

A

far side

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23
Q

the dominant rock of the terrae

A

anorthosite

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24
Q

what minerals is anorthosite rich in?

A

silver, calcium, and aluminum

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25
large impacts created large craters and thrust material upward, creating concave areas around the mare basin. this created what?
Lunar Mountains
26
this word represents long cliffs creates as the moon cooled and contracted
scarps
27
can small terrestrial worlds contain heat?
not as much or for as long as large ones
28
Heavy meteorite bombardments, creation of terrae, creation of giant mare basins, and cracks of the crust are newest, middle, or oldest events of the moon?
oldest
29
magma flowing up from the mantle and the creation of the maria is an old, middle, or new event of the moon?
middle
30
very light meteorite bombardment is an old, middle, or new event of the moon?
new
31
a very thick layer of rigid rock composed of one solid plate
lithosphere
32
mainly anorthosite and is thicker than the earth's layer
crust
33
which sides, respectively, has the thinnest crust? thickest?
near side, far side
34
the surface of the mare basalt
upper mantle
35
a thinner layer of plastic rock
asthenosphere
36
mainly molten iron
outer core
37
mainly solid iron
inner core
38
generating a magnetic field requires what?
moving, electrically conductive fluid
39
what is the moon lacking that prevents it from having a magnetosphere?
megnetic field
40
4.5 bya proto-earth was hit by _____ that eventually became the moon
theia
41
how large was theia, approximately?
mars size
42
the denser material of the theia collision did what?
sank/was pulled into the earth
43
the lighter material of theia did what
coalesced into our moon
44
what created earth's axial tilt. what are the degrees?
The collision ejection theory, 23.4
45
what is the moon's core made of?
iron
46
what is the moon's mantle made of?
mare basalt
47
what is the moon's crust made of?
anorthosite
48
how long is a siderial month?
27.3 days
49
what is the moon's rotation period?
27.3 days
50
moons with a revolution direction identical to their planet's rotation
prograde orbit
51
identical revolution and rotation directions
progrde rotation
52
identical revolution and rotation periods
synchronous rotation
53
a straight line must occur between with sun earth and moon in order to create what?
Lunar Eclipses
54
when can lunar eclipses occur?
during a full moon
55
by how many degrees is the moon's ecliptic plane inclined by?
5
56
the darkest part of the shadow where the earth blocks all sunlight
umbra
57
the lightest part of the shadow where the earth blocks some sunlight
penumbra
58
the moon passes entirely within the earths umbra. It is still lit due to refraction of light through the earths atmostphere.
total lunar eclipset
59
what is the result of a total lunar eclipse
a reddish full moon
60
the moon passes entirely within the Earth's penumbra
total penumbral lunar eclipse
61
what is the result of a total penumbral lunar eclipse
a slightly dimmer full moon
62
the moon passes partially within the earths umbra
partial lunar eclipse
63
what is the result of a partial luncaar eclipse
a partially reddish full moon
64
a straight line occurs between the sun, moon, and Earth. A new moon crosses the ecliptic plane at the line of nodes, so that the moon casts a shadow on the earth
Solar eclipses
65
the darkest part of the shadow where the moon blocks all sunlight
umbra
66
the lightest part of the shadow where the moon blocks some light
penumbra
67
an observer is entirely within the moons umbbra
total solar eclipse
68
when does a total solar eclipse occur?
at perigee, when the moon is closest to the earth
69
what is the result of a total solar eclipse
the moon 'just fits' over the sun
70
an observer is entirely within the moon's antumbra
annular solar eclipse
71
when does an annular solar eclipse occur?
at apogee, when the moon is furthest from the earth
72
what is the result of an annular solar eclipse?
the moon appears "too small' to fit over the sun
73
an observer is entirely within the moon's penumbra
partial solar eclipse
74
what is the result of a partial solar eclipse
the moon partially covers the sun
75
differences in the gravitational pull at different places on an object
tidal forces
76
where do the 2 high tides each day occur?
the side facing towards and the side facing away from the moon
77
what happens when the sun earth and moon make a straight line, regarding tidal waves?
they work together
78
what type of tides does a new or full moon make?
high or spring tides
79
when do the sun and moon pull against each other, regarding high tides?
right angle, 1st/3rd moons
80
1st and 3rd moons create _____, or the lowest high tides
neap
81
Darwin proposed the Earth and Moo's tidal forces are slowing the Earth's rotation and pushing the moon further away
tidal recession
82
which direction do moons with prograde orbits rotate?
outward
83
The first man-made object on the moon. (impactor) USSR 1959
Luna 2
84
The first photos of the moon's far side. (Flyby) USSR 1959
Luna 3
85
First soft landing on the moon. USSR 1966
Luna 9
86
First spacecraft to orbit the moon. USSR 1966
Luna 10
87
First sample return from the moon. USSR 1970
Luna 16
88
First Rover on the moon. USSR 1970
Lunokhod/Luna 17
89
Nine impactors sent by NASA 1961-1965
Rangers
90
Five orbiters that took High-res Pictures of the moon. NASA 1966-1967
Lunar Orbiters
91
Seven soft landers. NASA 1966-1968
Surveyors

Astronomy (7 decks)

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