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Astronomy > Mercury & Venus > Flashcards

Mercury & Venus Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mercury God of?

A

Messages & Communication

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2
Q

What is the first planet from the sun?

A

Mercury

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3
Q

What is the diameter of Mercury?

A

.38

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4
Q

What planet is the smallest in the solar system?

A

Mercury

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5
Q

What is the Albedo of Mercury?

A

.12

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6
Q

What is the axial tilt of Mercury

A

.5

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7
Q

What planet has the most eccentric orbit?

A

Mercury

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8
Q

What planet has the smallest axial tilt?

A

Mercury

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9
Q

What planet is most inclined to the ecliptic plane?

A

Mercury

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10
Q

What is the semimajor axis of Mercury?

A

.39au

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11
Q

What is the Sidereal Period of Mercury?

A

24 years

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12
Q

What kind of rotation does Mercury have?

A

Prograde Rotation

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13
Q

What spin-orbit coupling does Mercury have?

A

3:2

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14
Q

Explain a 3:2 spin-orbit coupling

A

3 rotations for every 2 revoloutions

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15
Q

What type of atmosphere does Mercury have?

A

trace

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16
Q

When looking at mercury, how does the atmosphere look?

A

Black

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17
Q

What planet has the most extreme temperature change of all the planets?

A

Mercury

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18
Q

The oldest surface feature on a planet?

A

Intercrater Plains

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19
Q

What planet has a surface feature of intercrater plains?

A

Mercury

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20
Q

Low in elevation and represent smooth plains

A

Intercrater Plains

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21
Q

Lighter in color and more uniformly cover the surface

A

Intercrater Plains

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22
Q

Are intercrater plains older than lunar maria?

A

yes

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23
Q

Have a circular shape and are created by meteoritic shock waves

A

Impact craters

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24
Q

What do impact craters have on Mercury that surprised scientists?

A

ice

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25
Q

Where is ice located on Mercury?

A

North and South poles

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26
Q

The largest impact crater on Mercury

A

Calores basin

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27
Q

The youngest surface features

A

Scarps

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28
Q

represent long cliff created on mercur

A

Scarps

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29
Q

how were scarps created?

A

Mercury cooled and contracted and created long cliffs

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30
Q

A thick _____ layer of _____ rock composed of ___ plate, known as the crust.

A

thick, rigid, one

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31
Q

A _____ layer of _____ rock, known as the mantle

A

thick, rigid

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32
Q

Mainly composed of ____ and is 83% of Mercury’s diameter, known as the ____

A

iron, core

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33
Q

The most iron-rich planet

A

Mercury

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34
Q

the outer core may be composed of _____

A

pyrite

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35
Q

what weakens the magnetic core of Mercury?

A

the pyrite outer core

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36
Q

Mainly molten iron and generates Mercury’s _______ ______, known as _____ ____

A

magnetic field, Middle Core

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37
Q

Mainly solid iron

A

inner core

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38
Q

Mercury has a _____ _____ magnetic field

A

weak global

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39
Q

what does the magnetic field protect Mercury from?

A

solar wind

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40
Q

what does Mercury lack that the Earth has, protecting from Solar Wind?

A

Van Allen belts

41
Q

what happened to the lighter material during the formation of Mercury?

A

it may have been vaporized

42
Q

What is Venus the god of?

A

love and beaty

43
Q

the second planet from the sun

A

Venus

44
Q

Diameter of Venus

A

.95

45
Q

The planet with the largest axial tilt

A

Venus

46
Q

the Axial tilt of venus

A

177.4

47
Q

The planet with the least eccentric orbit

A

Venus

48
Q

Semimajor axis of Venus

A

.72 au

49
Q

Sidereal period of Venus

A

.61 years

50
Q

rotational period of Venus

A

243 days

51
Q

What planet is the slowest rotating?

A

Venus

52
Q

what type of rotation does Venus have?

A

Retrograde

53
Q

Describe Venusian Atmosphere

A

much thicker than the Earth’s

54
Q

Venus’s Albedo

A

59%

55
Q

The third brightest planet

A

Venus

56
Q

Venus’s atmosphere is 95.5% ______ and 3.5% ____

A

co2 & Nitrogen

57
Q

What was the source of Venus’s Atmosphere?

A

outgassing

58
Q

what is unique about Venus’s troposphere?

A

it is clear

59
Q

As Altitude decreases, temps on Venus ______

A

increase

60
Q

what is the hottest planet in the solar system?

A

Venus

61
Q

As altitude decreases, pressure on Venus _____

A

increases

62
Q

as altitude decreases, wind speed on Venus

A

decreases

63
Q

what type of surface temp does Venus have?

A

Isothermal

64
Q

Outgassing released ____ ____ & ____, greenhouse gasses

A

co2, h20, & S02

65
Q

what happened to the greenhouse gasses on Venus?

A

they dissolved into oceans or became part of carbonate rock

66
Q

Extra h20 on Venus made it Hotter, which caused oceans to _______

A

evaporate furthur

67
Q

Evaporating oceans on Venus caused it to become even hotter, until it _____ ____ all the co2 in the rocks. This created a ________ _______ effect

A

Baked Out, Runaway Greenhouse

68
Q

about _____ of Venus is volcanic plains

A

80%

69
Q

Venus has ____ highland areas

A

2

70
Q

Where is Ishtar terra located

A

North pole of Venus

71
Q

The smaller of the two highlands

A

Ishtar terra

72
Q

the tallest mountain on Venus

A

Maxwell montes

73
Q

what is maxwell montes covered in?

A

metallic ‘snow’, possibly galena

74
Q

located just south of the equator and is the largest of the two bio highlands on Venus

A

Aphrodite Terra

75
Q

regarding impact craters, venus has _____ than earth and ____ than Mercury

A

more, less

76
Q

The order of surface age of the three planets studied so far

A

mercury-venus-earth

77
Q

the largest crater on Venus

A

Mead Crater

78
Q

the longest channel in the solar system

A

Batlis Vallis

79
Q

These represent raised circular areas created from thick, sticky lava

A

Pankake lava domes

80
Q

largest volcanoes by size, broad dome with a gentle slope

A

shield volcanoes

81
Q

what is at the top of shield volcanoes

A

large caldera

82
Q

how do shield volcanoes form?

A

mafic lava that flows over millions of years

83
Q

shield volcanoes are created from stationary mantle plume that may rise from the mantle-core boundary in a process called ______

A

hot-spot-volcanism

84
Q

the tallest volcano on Venus at 5 miles high

A

maat moons

85
Q

how high is the mana lou

A

5.7 miles

86
Q

domes hat have undergone collapse and mass wasting

A

scalloped margin domes

87
Q

scalloped margin domes & arachnoids are unique to what planet?

A

Venus

88
Q

appear as concentric ovals surrounded by a network of fractures

A

arachnoids

89
Q

Venusian crust is a ___ layer of ____ rock composed of _____ solid plate

A

thin, rigid, one

90
Q

The mantle of Venus is mostly ____

A

molten rock

91
Q

the core of Venus is mainly____

A

molten iron

92
Q

does Venus have a magnetic field?

A

no

93
Q

What type of Techtonics does Venus have?

A

flake Techtonics

94
Q

a less vigorous convection current that create thicker crust and global, large-scale deformation such as crustal divergence and convergence

A

Plate techtonics

95
Q

more vigorous convection currents that create a thinner crust and local, small-scale deformation such as crustal weakening and flaking

A

flake tectonics

96
Q

what are flake Techtonics indicative of?

A

hotter interiors

97
Q

plate tectonics release internal heat; flake tectonics trap internal heat. the trapped heat eventually weakens and slowly recycle all of the crust

A

global resurfacing hypothesis

98
Q

what does the global resurfacing hypothesis create?

A

uniform surface age of 300-600 million years old

99
Q

why does Venus not have any moons?

A

they spiral inwards and eventually impact the planet

Astronomy (7 decks)

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