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Lesson 1 Flashcards

Basic Concepts on the Creation of the Universe and Foundational ideas of Our Planet(s)

1
Q

What was the birth of our universe?

A

The Big Bang

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2
Q

When did the Big Bang Occur?

A

14 Billion years ago

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3
Q

What elements were created from the Big Bang?

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium

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4
Q

What is the basic foundational idea of the Nebular Hypothesis?

A

The birth of our solar system began as a counterclockwise rotation called a solar nebula

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5
Q

What does a solar nebula consist of?

A

gasses, ice, dust

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6
Q

A solar nebula that contracts and flattens to create a ______ that is surrounded by a _____

A

protosun, protoplanetary disk

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7
Q

What does a protoplanetary disk contain?

A

Gasses from the sun

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8
Q

What is vaporized in the inner disk?

A

ice

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9
Q

what is unaffected in both disks?

A

dust

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10
Q

What is the process of dust particles colliding and condensing together?

A

accretion

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11
Q

What is the result of accretion?

A

planetesimals

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12
Q

accretion in addition to planetesimals forms what?

A

protoplanets

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13
Q

an example of a protoplanet

A

the moon

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14
Q

accretion in addition to protoplanets forms what?

A

planets

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15
Q

what type of planets accreted from dust in the inner disk?

A

terrestrial planets

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16
Q

what type of planets contain an outer disk and accreted from dust, ice, and gasses?

A

Jovian planets

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17
Q

What process created the sun?

A

Nuclear Fusion

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18
Q

The approximate center of our solar system?

A

Sun

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19
Q

Terrestrial planets are known as?

A

Inner planets

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20
Q

Terrestrial planets are made of what?

A

Rock

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21
Q

Terrestrial planets are small? t/f

A

True

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22
Q

Terrestrial planets are in what category in relation to mass? Density?

A

low, high

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23
Q

Do terrestrial planets have rings?

A

no

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24
Q

temps on terrestrial planets are _____

A

warm

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25
Q

Terrestrial planets have _____ rotation rates.

A

Slow

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26
Q

Name the Terrestrial planets in order.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

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27
Q

The asteroid belt is mainly made up of _____ _________.

A

Rock Planetesimals

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28
Q

The largest Asteroid in the asteroid belt & represents a dwarf planet

A

ceres

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29
Q

The outer planets are also knows as _______.

A

Jovian Planets

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30
Q

Jovian planets are mainly made up of what?

A

Liquid & Gas

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31
Q

Jovian Planets have a relatively ______ Mass. Density?

A

High, low

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32
Q

temps on Jovian planets are _____.

A

cool

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33
Q

Jovian planets have ____ rotation rates.

A

Fast

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34
Q

Name the Jovian Planets in order.

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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35
Q

Remnant Icy Planetesimals are known as _________ _______. These become comets if they are close enough to the sun.

A

Trans-Neptunian objects

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36
Q

name the 5 dwarf planets

A

Pluto, Haumea, MakeMake, Eris, Ceres

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37
Q

The furthest thing out that can gravitationally be grabbed onto

A

The Oort cloud

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38
Q

All of the planets orbit which way around the sun?

A

counterclockwise

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39
Q

Plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

orbital inoculation

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40
Q

Earth’s Orbital inoculation

41
Q
  1. The planets Revolve around the sun as ellipses
  2. Revolution speed varies
  3. P^2=a^3
A

3 laws of Kepler

42
Q

The planet (anything in orbit) is closest to the sun and it moves the fastest

A

perihelion

43
Q

The planet (anything in orbit) is furthest from the sun and it moves the slowest

44
Q

The time it takes any object to complete a 360 degree orbit around another

A

Sidereal period

45
Q

The average distance between a planet and the sun is measured in

A

Astronomical units

46
Q

The solar system’s densest planet

47
Q

Fraction of reflected sunlight off of a planet is known as the?

48
Q

Earth’s Albedo

49
Q

Identical revolution and rotation counterclockwise

A

Prograde Rotation

50
Q

Earth’s axial tilt

51
Q

The tilt of a planet’s axis of rotation is the main cause of _______ _______

A

astronomical changes

52
Q

The angle of the sun’s incoming solar radiation is known as what?

A

Angle of insolation

53
Q

What way does the northern hemisphere tilt, in relation to the suns rays, during winter?

54
Q

The first day of winter is knows as what?

A

Winter solstice

55
Q

After the winter solstice, which way do the suns rays migrate?

56
Q

The first day of spring is knows as what?

A

Vernal equinox

57
Q

after the vernal equinox, which way do the suns rays migrate?

58
Q

what way does the northern hemisphere tilt in order to create a high angle of insolation?

A

towards the sun

59
Q

The first day of summer is known as what?

A

summer solstice

60
Q

the first day of autumn is known as what?

A

Autumnal equinox

61
Q

which way do the suns rays move after the autumnal equinox?

62
Q

What was the most common gas in the beggening of the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

water vapor

63
Q

As the earth cooled, it rained and created the oceans, that cover _____% of the earth

64
Q

What is the largest carbon dioxide storehouse?

A

Carbonate Rock

65
Q

What is the Second Largest Carbon dioxide storehouse?

66
Q

What percentage of todays atmosphere is nitrogen?

67
Q

What percentage of todays atmosphere is oxygen?

68
Q

What percentage of todays atmosphere is water vapor?

69
Q

What percentage of todays atmosphere is Carbon Dioxide?

70
Q

The layer closest to the Earth which contains all life and land

A

Troposphere

71
Q

The layer of the earth that contains the ozone layer and absorbs UV light

A

Stratosphere

72
Q

By what percentage is the Stratosphere decreasing each decade?

73
Q

The last two layers of the Atmosphere

A

Medsphere, Thermosphere

74
Q

Dense materials sinking to the center, while lighter materials rise to the top

A

Chemical Differentiation

75
Q

A thin layer of rigid rock that is divided into plates

A

lithosphere

76
Q

a part of the lithosphere that is mainly thick and old, and contains granite

77
Q

A part of the lithosphere that is mainly basal that is thinner and younger

A

Oceanic Crust

78
Q

A thicker, more plasticky rock that is capable of flow

A

Asthenosphere

79
Q

Represents the lower mantle, thicker and more rigid rock due to an increase in pressure

A

Mesosphere

80
Q

Mainly molten iron and represents spinning fluid that generates earth’s magnetic field

A

outer Core

81
Q

The part of the core that is mainly solid iron and is the hottest part of the planet

A

inner core

82
Q

Convection flow in the mantle causes the overlying rigid lithosphere plates to slowly move on top of the underlying plastic asthenosphere

A

plate Techtonics

83
Q

Plates that are moving apart and conservative plate margins and create new lithosphere through seafloor spreading

A

Divergent Plate Boundaries

84
Q

Plates that are colliding together and are destructive plate margins and destroy old lithosphere through subduction

A

Convergent plate boundaries

85
Q

Plates that are sliding past each other and are conservative plate margins and do not create or destroy

A

Transform Fault Boundaries

86
Q

A type of rock that forms from molten rock that cools below ground or above ground

A

igneous rock

87
Q

A type of rock that has to undergo weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and condensation to form

A

Sedimentary Rock

88
Q

What is needed in order for a magnetic field to form?

A

Moving, electrically conductive fluid

89
Q

Where does the earths magnetic field exit?

A

South Magnetic Pole

90
Q

Where does the earth’s magnetic field enter?

A

North Magnetic Field

91
Q

What type of magnetic field/magnetosphere does the earth have?

Extreme, moderate, or low

92
Q

Sun ejected protons and electrons

A

solar wind

93
Q

doughnut shaped rings that can trap some particles of solar wind

A

Van-Allen Radiation belts

94
Q

What does the outer Van-Allen Belt trap?

95
Q

What does the inner Van-Allen Belt trap?

96
Q

Where are the weakest points in the Belts?

97
Q

The Northern Lights are Known as?

A

Aurora Borealis

98
Q

the Southern Lights are Known as?

A

Aurora Astralis

Astronomy (7 decks)

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