Lesson 1 Flashcards
Basic Concepts on the Creation of the Universe and Foundational ideas of Our Planet(s)
1
Q
What was the birth of our universe?
A
The Big Bang
2
Q
When did the Big Bang Occur?
A
14 Billion years ago
3
Q
What elements were created from the Big Bang?
A
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium
4
Q
What is the basic foundational idea of the Nebular Hypothesis?
A
The birth of our solar system began as a counterclockwise rotation called a solar nebula
5
Q
What does a solar nebula consist of?
A
gasses, ice, dust
6
Q
A solar nebula that contracts and flattens to create a ______ that is surrounded by a _____
A
protosun, protoplanetary disk
7
Q
What does a protoplanetary disk contain?
A
Gasses from the sun
8
Q
What is vaporized in the inner disk?
A
ice
9
Q
what is unaffected in both disks?
A
dust
10
Q
What is the process of dust particles colliding and condensing together?
A
accretion
11
Q
What is the result of accretion?
A
planetesimals
12
Q
accretion in addition to planetesimals forms what?
A
protoplanets
13
Q
an example of a protoplanet
A
the moon
14
Q
accretion in addition to protoplanets forms what?
A
planets
15
Q
what type of planets accreted from dust in the inner disk?
A
terrestrial planets
16
Q
what type of planets contain an outer disk and accreted from dust, ice, and gasses?
A
Jovian planets
17
Q
What process created the sun?
A
Nuclear Fusion
18
Q
The approximate center of our solar system?
A
Sun
19
Q
Terrestrial planets are known as?
A
Inner planets
20
Q
Terrestrial planets are made of what?
A
Rock
21
Q
Terrestrial planets are small? t/f
A
True
22
Q
Terrestrial planets are in what category in relation to mass? Density?
A
low, high
23
Q
Do terrestrial planets have rings?
A
no
24
Q
temps on terrestrial planets are _____
A
warm
25
Terrestrial planets have _____ rotation rates.
Slow
26
Name the Terrestrial planets in order.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
27
The asteroid belt is mainly made up of _____ _________.
Rock Planetesimals
28
The largest Asteroid in the asteroid belt & represents a dwarf planet
ceres
29
The outer planets are also knows as _______.
Jovian Planets
30
Jovian planets are mainly made up of what?
Liquid & Gas
31
Jovian Planets have a relatively ______ Mass. Density?
High, low
32
temps on Jovian planets are _____.
cool
33
Jovian planets have ____ rotation rates.
Fast
34
Name the Jovian Planets in order.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
35
Remnant Icy Planetesimals are known as _________ _______. These become comets if they are close enough to the sun.
Trans-Neptunian objects
36
name the 5 dwarf planets
Pluto, Haumea, MakeMake, Eris, Ceres
37
The furthest thing out that can gravitationally be grabbed onto
The Oort cloud
38
All of the planets orbit which way around the sun?
counterclockwise
39
Plane of Earth's orbit around the sun
orbital inoculation
40
Earth's Orbital inoculation
0.0
41
1. The planets Revolve around the sun as ellipses
2. Revolution speed varies
3. P^2=a^3
3 laws of Kepler
42
The planet (anything in orbit) is closest to the sun and it moves the fastest
perihelion
43
The planet (anything in orbit) is furthest from the sun and it moves the slowest
Aphelion
44
The time it takes any object to complete a 360 degree orbit around another
Sidereal period
45
The average distance between a planet and the sun is measured in
Astronomical units
46
The solar system's densest planet
Earth
47
Fraction of reflected sunlight off of a planet is known as the?
Albedo
48
Earth's Albedo
.31
49
Identical revolution and rotation counterclockwise
Prograde Rotation
50
Earth's axial tilt
23.4
51
The tilt of a planet's axis of rotation is the main cause of _______ _______
astronomical changes
52
The angle of the sun's incoming solar radiation is known as what?
Angle of insolation
53
What way does the northern hemisphere tilt, in relation to the suns rays, during winter?
Away
54
The first day of winter is knows as what?
Winter solstice
55
After the winter solstice, which way do the suns rays migrate?
North
56
The first day of spring is knows as what?
Vernal equinox
57
after the vernal equinox, which way do the suns rays migrate?
North
58
what way does the northern hemisphere tilt in order to create a high angle of insolation?
towards the sun
59
The first day of summer is known as what?
summer solstice
60
the first day of autumn is known as what?
Autumnal equinox
61
which way do the suns rays move after the autumnal equinox?
south
62
What was the most common gas in the beggening of the Earth's atmosphere?
water vapor
63
As the earth cooled, it rained and created the oceans, that cover _____% of the earth
69
64
What is the largest carbon dioxide storehouse?
Carbonate Rock
65
What is the Second Largest Carbon dioxide storehouse?
the ocean
66
What percentage of todays atmosphere is nitrogen?
78%
67
What percentage of todays atmosphere is oxygen?
21%
68
What percentage of todays atmosphere is water vapor?
1%
69
What percentage of todays atmosphere is Carbon Dioxide?
.041%
70
The layer closest to the Earth which contains all life and land
Troposphere
71
The layer of the earth that contains the ozone layer and absorbs UV light
Stratosphere
72
By what percentage is the Stratosphere decreasing each decade?
4%
73
The last two layers of the Atmosphere
Medsphere, Thermosphere
74
Dense materials sinking to the center, while lighter materials rise to the top
Chemical Differentiation
75
A thin layer of rigid rock that is divided into plates
lithosphere
76
a part of the lithosphere that is mainly thick and old, and contains granite
Crust
77
A part of the lithosphere that is mainly basal that is thinner and younger
Oceanic Crust
78
A thicker, more plasticky rock that is capable of flow
Asthenosphere
79
Represents the lower mantle, thicker and more rigid rock due to an increase in pressure
Mesosphere
80
Mainly molten iron and represents spinning fluid that generates earth's magnetic field
outer Core
81
The part of the core that is mainly solid iron and is the hottest part of the planet
inner core
82
Convection flow in the mantle causes the overlying rigid lithosphere plates to slowly move on top of the underlying plastic asthenosphere
plate Techtonics
83
Plates that are moving apart and conservative plate margins and create new lithosphere through seafloor spreading
Divergent Plate Boundaries
84
Plates that are colliding together and are destructive plate margins and destroy old lithosphere through subduction
Convergent plate boundaries
85
Plates that are sliding past each other and are conservative plate margins and do not create or destroy
Transform Fault Boundaries
86
A type of rock that forms from molten rock that cools below ground or above ground
igneous rock
87
A type of rock that has to undergo weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and condensation to form
Sedimentary Rock
88
What is needed in order for a magnetic field to form?
Moving, electrically conductive fluid
89
Where does the earths magnetic field exit?
South Magnetic Pole
90
Where does the earth's magnetic field enter?
North Magnetic Field
91
What type of magnetic field/magnetosphere does the earth have?
| Extreme, moderate, or low
Moderate
92
Sun ejected protons and electrons
solar wind
93
doughnut shaped rings that can trap some particles of solar wind
Van-Allen Radiation belts
94
What does the outer Van-Allen Belt trap?
Electrons
95
What does the inner Van-Allen Belt trap?
Neutrons
96
Where are the weakest points in the Belts?
The poles
97
The Northern Lights are Known as?
Aurora Borealis
98
the Southern Lights are Known as?
Aurora Astralis
