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Astronomy > Mars > Flashcards

Mars Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mars the god of?

A

Roman god of war

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2
Q

Mars is the ___ planet from the sun

A

4th

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3
Q

the diameter of Mars

A

.53

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4
Q

the albedo of Mars

A

.15

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5
Q

Mars is the ___ brightest object in the solar sustem

A

5th

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6
Q

Semimajor axis of Mars

A

1.5au

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7
Q

Sideral Period of Mars

A

1.9 Years

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8
Q

What direction does Mars rotate?

A

Counterclockwise

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9
Q

Mars is the closest planet to the Earth’s ______ period

A

rotational

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10
Q

What type of rotation does Mars have?

A

prograde

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11
Q

Mars is the closest planet to the Earth’s _______ _______

A

Axial tilt

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12
Q

Does Mars have seasons?

A

yes

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13
Q

The seasons on Mars are ______ times ______ (shorter or longer) than Earth’s

A

two, longer

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14
Q

What does Mars lack in its atmosphere that Earth has?

A

an ozone layer

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15
Q

Carbon Dioxide makes up how much of Mars’ atmosphere

A

95.3%

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16
Q

Nitrogen makes up how much of Mars’ atmosphere

A

2.7%

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17
Q

what are high altitude clouds composed of

A

Carbon Dioxide ice crystals

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18
Q

what are low altitude clouds composed of

A

Water ice crystals

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19
Q

What type of snow comes first, as winter approaches?

A

Water snow

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20
Q

What type of snow comes second, as winter approaches?

A

Carbon Dioxide snow

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21
Q

What process released greenhouse gasses on Mars?

A

outgassing

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22
Q

what greenhouse gasses did outgassing release on Mars

A

CO2, H20, & SO2

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23
Q

What happened to the greenhouses gasses as time went on?

A

they dissolved into oceans or became carbonate rock

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24
Q

What do volcanoes do to carbonate rock?

A

they recycle and release their trapped C02

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25
Q

what happened as the interior of Mars cooled?

A

its plate tectonics ceased and there was no more release of C02

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26
Q

What caused the runaway icehouse effect on Mars?

A

the loss of Water Vapor and C02 caused temps to keep falling

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27
Q

What is special abut the dust on Mars?

A

it is fine-grained iron-oxide

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28
Q

What makes the sky of Mars appear reddish?

A

Iron Oxide in the dust

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29
Q

What is special about the dust storms on Mars?

A

they are the largest in the solar system

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30
Q

When are dust storms more common?

A

During perihelion, when Mars is closest to the sun

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31
Q

What do dust storms do the temps on Mars?

A

raise them

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32
Q

What is a dust devil?

A

a dust ‘tornado’ that generates its own magnetic field

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33
Q

What is special about the dust devils on Mars

A

they are the largest in the solar system

34
Q

What is the regolith on mars mainly composed of?

A

iron oxide

35
Q

What prohibits life from forming on mars? (at least in the superficial layer)

A

the regolith may have peroxide and superoxide

36
Q

What does peroxide and superoxide do to the surface of Mars when it gets wet?

A

it sterilizes the upper layer

37
Q

What is special about some of the impact craters on Mars?

A

they are filled with dust, so the bottoms appear flat

38
Q

the largest impact crater on Mars and in the solar system is the

A

Utopia Pantina

39
Q

Where is the utopia platina located?

A

Northern Hemisphere

40
Q

Where is ALH84001 located?

A

the northern hills, Antartica

41
Q

What is ALH84001

A

a meteorite on Earth

42
Q

What is the origin of ALH4001

A

Martain origin, 4.5 BYA

43
Q

What does ALH84001 Contain?

A

Carbonates, meaning it formed when mars had oceans

44
Q

Describe the northern highlands. (Location, # of Impact craters, Old or young surface, possibly covered by what)

A

Northern hemisphere, few impact craters, young surface, may have been covered by an ocean

45
Q

Describe the Southern Highlands (Location, # of Impact craters, Old or young surface, relative elevation)

A

Southern Hemisphere, many impact craters, old surface, relatively low elevation

46
Q

What is at the summit of a shield volcano?

A

a large caldera

47
Q

what do shield volcanoes form from?

A

mafic (basaltic) lava flow

48
Q

How are shield volcanoes created?

A

stationary mantle plume that rises from the mantle-core boundary in a process called hot-spot-volcanism

49
Q

The largest volcano in the solar system is

A

Olympus Mons

50
Q

A large dome shaped bulge

A

Tharsis Rise

51
Q

how was Tharsis Rise created?

A

Through Hot-Spot-Volcanism

52
Q

What did Tharsis Rise Create?

A

three shield volcanoes

53
Q

A huge rift valley that may be a transform fault boundary

A

Valles Marineris

54
Q

Where is Valls Marinaris located?

A

Near the equator

55
Q

During the winter, they grow and during the summer, they shrink

A

polar ice caps

56
Q

escribe the composition of polar ice caps

A

a series of terraces, C02 & water ice

57
Q

C02 ice is on _____ and Water ice is on _____ in solar ice caps

A

Top, bottom

58
Q

is there water vapor on Mars?

A

only trace amounts, no

59
Q

is there liquid water on Mars?

A

no

60
Q

why is there no liquid water on Mars?

A

the pressure is too low, the water would evaporate instantly

61
Q

is there water ice on Mars?

A

yes

62
Q

where is there water ice on Mars?

A

at the poles, below the permafrost

63
Q

What is the evidence of past water flow on Mars?

A

riverbeds, deltas, teardrop shaped islands & gullies

64
Q

How many moons does Mars have?

A

2

65
Q

Where do Mars’ moons orbit

A

Near the equator

66
Q

what type of rotation do Mars’ moon have

A

synchronous

67
Q

identical revolution and rotation periods

A

Synchronous rotation

68
Q

What spin orbit coupling does Mars have?

A

1:1

69
Q

Phobos

A

Meaning panic or fear

70
Q

the largest and most innermost moon

A

Phobos

71
Q

which way is Phobos spiraling?

A

inward

72
Q

Deimos

A

Meaning terror or dread

73
Q

the smallest and outermost moon

A

Deimos

74
Q

which way is Deimos spiraling>

A

outward

75
Q

a very thick layer of rigid rock that may be composed of two plates

A

crust

76
Q

a very thick layer of rigid rock

A

mantle

77
Q

what is the core of Mars made of?

A

solid iron and molten sulfur mixture

78
Q

does Mars have plate tectonics?

A

no, it is geologically dead

79
Q

what kind of magnetic field does Mars have?

A

weak global

80
Q

Does Mars have a magnetosphere?

A

no

81
Q

Why does mars not have a magnetic field?

A

sulfur is not electrically conductive

Astronomy (7 decks)

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