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Mars Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mars the god of?

A

Roman god of war

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2
Q

Mars is the ___ planet from the sun

A

4th

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3
Q

the diameter of Mars

A

.53

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4
Q

the albedo of Mars

A

.15

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5
Q

Mars is the ___ brightest object in the solar sustem

A

5th

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6
Q

Semimajor axis of Mars

A

1.5au

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7
Q

Sideral Period of Mars

A

1.9 Years

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8
Q

What direction does Mars rotate?

A

Counterclockwise

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9
Q

Mars is the closest planet to the Earth’s ______ period

A

rotational

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10
Q

What type of rotation does Mars have?

A

prograde

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11
Q

Mars is the closest planet to the Earth’s _______ _______

A

Axial tilt

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12
Q

Does Mars have seasons?

A

yes

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13
Q

The seasons on Mars are ______ times ______ (shorter or longer) than Earth’s

A

two, longer

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14
Q

What does Mars lack in its atmosphere that Earth has?

A

an ozone layer

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15
Q

Carbon Dioxide makes up how much of Mars’ atmosphere

A

95.3%

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16
Q

Nitrogen makes up how much of Mars’ atmosphere

A

2.7%

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17
Q

what are high altitude clouds composed of

A

Carbon Dioxide ice crystals

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18
Q

what are low altitude clouds composed of

A

Water ice crystals

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19
Q

What type of snow comes first, as winter approaches?

A

Water snow

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20
Q

What type of snow comes second, as winter approaches?

A

Carbon Dioxide snow

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21
Q

What process released greenhouse gasses on Mars?

A

outgassing

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22
Q

what greenhouse gasses did outgassing release on Mars

A

CO2, H20, & SO2

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23
Q

What happened to the greenhouses gasses as time went on?

A

they dissolved into oceans or became carbonate rock

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24
Q

What do volcanoes do to carbonate rock?

A

they recycle and release their trapped C02

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25
what happened as the interior of Mars cooled?
its plate tectonics ceased and there was no more release of C02
26
What caused the runaway icehouse effect on Mars?
the loss of Water Vapor and C02 caused temps to keep falling
27
What is special abut the dust on Mars?
it is fine-grained iron-oxide
28
What makes the sky of Mars appear reddish?
Iron Oxide in the dust
29
What is special about the dust storms on Mars?
they are the largest in the solar system
30
When are dust storms more common?
During perihelion, when Mars is closest to the sun
31
What do dust storms do the temps on Mars?
raise them
32
What is a dust devil?
a dust 'tornado' that generates its own magnetic field
33
What is special about the dust devils on Mars
they are the largest in the solar system
34
What is the regolith on mars mainly composed of?
iron oxide
35
What prohibits life from forming on mars? (at least in the superficial layer)
the regolith may have peroxide and superoxide
36
What does peroxide and superoxide do to the surface of Mars when it gets wet?
it sterilizes the upper layer
37
What is special about some of the impact craters on Mars?
they are filled with dust, so the bottoms appear flat
38
the largest impact crater on Mars and in the solar system is the
Utopia Pantina
39
Where is the utopia platina located?
Northern Hemisphere
40
Where is ALH84001 located?
the northern hills, Antartica
41
What is ALH84001
a meteorite on Earth
42
What is the origin of ALH4001
Martain origin, 4.5 BYA
43
What does ALH84001 Contain?
Carbonates, meaning it formed when mars had oceans
44
Describe the northern highlands. (Location, # of Impact craters, Old or young surface, possibly covered by what)
Northern hemisphere, few impact craters, young surface, may have been covered by an ocean
45
Describe the Southern Highlands (Location, # of Impact craters, Old or young surface, relative elevation)
Southern Hemisphere, many impact craters, old surface, relatively low elevation
46
What is at the summit of a shield volcano?
a large caldera
47
what do shield volcanoes form from?
mafic (basaltic) lava flow
48
How are shield volcanoes created?
stationary mantle plume that rises from the mantle-core boundary in a process called hot-spot-volcanism
49
The largest volcano in the solar system is
Olympus Mons
50
A large dome shaped bulge
Tharsis Rise
51
how was Tharsis Rise created?
Through Hot-Spot-Volcanism
52
What did Tharsis Rise Create?
three shield volcanoes
53
A huge rift valley that may be a transform fault boundary
Valles Marineris
54
Where is Valls Marinaris located?
Near the equator
55
During the winter, they grow and during the summer, they shrink
polar ice caps
56
escribe the composition of polar ice caps
a series of terraces, C02 & water ice
57
C02 ice is on _____ and Water ice is on _____ in solar ice caps
Top, bottom
58
is there water vapor on Mars?
only trace amounts, no
59
is there liquid water on Mars?
no
60
why is there no liquid water on Mars?
the pressure is too low, the water would evaporate instantly
61
is there water ice on Mars?
yes
62
where is there water ice on Mars?
at the poles, below the permafrost
63
What is the evidence of past water flow on Mars?
riverbeds, deltas, teardrop shaped islands & gullies
64
How many moons does Mars have?
2
65
Where do Mars' moons orbit
Near the equator
66
what type of rotation do Mars' moon have
synchronous
67
identical revolution and rotation periods
Synchronous rotation
68
What spin orbit coupling does Mars have?
1:1
69
Phobos
Meaning panic or fear
70
the largest and most innermost moon
Phobos
71
which way is Phobos spiraling?
inward
72
Deimos
Meaning terror or dread
73
the smallest and outermost moon
Deimos
74
which way is Deimos spiraling>
outward
75
a very thick layer of rigid rock that may be composed of two plates
crust
76
a very thick layer of rigid rock
mantle
77
what is the core of Mars made of?
solid iron and molten sulfur mixture
78
does Mars have plate tectonics?
no, it is geologically dead
79
what kind of magnetic field does Mars have?
weak global
80
Does Mars have a magnetosphere?
no
81
Why does mars not have a magnetic field?
sulfur is not electrically conductive

Astronomy (7 decks)

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