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Astronomy > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

Comprehensive Final exam objectives for Poskin Intro to Astrology

1
Q

List the planets from closest to the sun to furthest from the sun

A

mercury, Venus, earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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2
Q

Where is the Asteroid Belt located?

A

Between Mars & Jupiter

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3
Q

What are the 5 objects in our solar system that are considered to be dwarf planets?

A

Ceres, MakeMake, Pluto, Hamea, Eris

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4
Q

The plane of the Earth’s orbit is known as the

A

ecliptic plane

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5
Q

when the moon is closest to the sun and moving the ______, this is a ______

A

fastest, perihelion

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6
Q

When the moon is furthest from the sun and moving the _____, this is a _____

A

slowest, aphelion

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7
Q

The Earth’s Axial tilt

A

23.4

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8
Q

The main cause of seasonal changes on the Earth

A

Axial tilt

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9
Q

Heavy material sinks to the center, while lighter material floats to the surface

A

chemical differentiation

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10
Q

The largest impact crater/basin on the moon

A

Atkin Basin

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11
Q

What is the necessary alignment of the Earth, Moon, & Sun for a lunar eclipse to occur?

A

Sun-Earth-Moon

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12
Q

What is the necessary alignment of the Earth, Moon, & Sun for a solar eclipse to occur?

A

Sun-Moon-Earth

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13
Q

Which planet has the smallest axial tilt?

A

Mercury

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14
Q

Which planet has the most eccentric orbit?

A

Mercury

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15
Q

Which planet is most inclined to the ecliptic plane?

A

Mercury

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16
Q

Which planer has a 3:2 spin orbit coupling?

A

Mercury

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17
Q

Which planet has the most extreme temperature range in our Solar System?

A

Mercury

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18
Q

The largest impact crater/basin on Mercury

A

Calores Basin

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19
Q

Which planet has the largest axial tilt?

A

Venus

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20
Q

Which planet has the least eccentric orbit?

A

Venus

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21
Q

Which planet has the slowest rotational period?

A

Venus

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22
Q

What are the clouds on Venus mainly composed of?

A

Sulfuric Acid

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23
Q

Which planet has the highest average temperature?

A

Venus

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24
Q

Which planet has had a runaway greenhouse effect?

A

Venus

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25
Q

The tallest mountain on Venus

A

Maxwell Montes

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26
Q

The largest impact crater on Venus

A

Mead Crater

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27
Q

The longest channel in our Solar System

A

Batlis Vallis, on Venus

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28
Q

The tallest volcano on Venus

A

Maat Mons

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29
Q

Which planet has the closest rotational period and axial tilt to Earth

A

Mars

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30
Q

On which planet has there been a runaway icehouse effect

A

Mars

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31
Q

which planet is home to the largest dust storms in our solar system

A

Mars

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32
Q

The dominant color of the Martian regolith

A

Reddish-brown

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33
Q

The dominant component of the Martian regolith

A

Iron-oxide rich clay

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34
Q

The general shape of an impact crater or basin

A

circular/round

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35
Q

why are impact craters round?

A

shock waves

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36
Q

The largest impact crater or basin on Mars

A

Utopia Planitia

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37
Q

The largest impact crater or basin in our solar system

A

Utopia Planitia

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38
Q

Describe the northern lowlands on Mars based on location and elevation

A

northern hemisphere, low elevation

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39
Q

Describe the southern highlands on Mars based on location and elevation

A

southern hemisphere, high elevation

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40
Q

The name of the largest volcano on Mars

A

Olympus Mons

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41
Q

The name of the largest volcano in our solar system

A

Olympus Mons

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42
Q

The name of the gigantic rift valley near the equator of Mars

A

Vallis Marinaris

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43
Q

Which planet has the largest volume and mass

A

Jupiter

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44
Q

which planet has the fastest rotational period

A

Jupiter

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45
Q

The object is spinning faster at the equator and slower at the poles

A

Differential rotation

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46
Q

The object is wider at the equator and smaller at the poles

A

oblateness

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47
Q

The most abundant gasses in the Jovian planet’s atmosphere

A

hydrogen and helium

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48
Q

What structure represents the second largest object in our solar system

A

Jupiter’s magnetosphere

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49
Q

What does a magnetosphere protect a planet from

A

solar wind

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50
Q

What is solar wind composed of

A

Protons and electrons

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51
Q

The location of the weakest spots in a planet’s radiation belts

A

At the poles

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52
Q

Which planet has the lowest density in our solar system

A

Saturn

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53
Q

The name of the most oblate planet in our solar system

A

Saturn

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54
Q

The name of the largest gap in Saturn’s rings

A

Cassini Division

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55
Q

Which force is strongest outside of a planet’s Roche limit?

A

Gravitational force of moons

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56
Q

Which force is strongest inside of a planet’s Roche limit?

A

Gravitational forces exerted by the planet’s tidal forces

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57
Q

What structure will form if objects are inside the Roche limit?

A

Rings

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58
Q

What structure will form if objects are outside the Roche limit?

A

Moons

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59
Q

The reddest moon in our solar system is

A

Almathea

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60
Q

Who discovered Jupiter’s largest moons?

A

Galileo

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61
Q

The most geologically active or volcanic world in our solar system

A

Io

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62
Q

The driest world in our solar system

A

Io

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63
Q

Which world has a plasma torus surrounding its orbit?

A

Io

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64
Q

The smoothest world in our solar system

A

Europa

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65
Q

Which extraterrestrial world is the most likely place to contain life?

A

Europa

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66
Q

Jupiter’s largest moon

A

Ganymede

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67
Q

The largest moon in our solar system

A

Ganymede

68
Q

The name of the only moon in our solar system with a magnetosphere

A

Ganymede

69
Q

The most cratered world in our solar system

A

Callisto

70
Q

Which moon in our solar system has the oldest surface

A

Callisto

71
Q

The smallest moon in our solar system that is spherical due to self-gravitation

A

Mimas

72
Q

The most reflective moon in our solar system

A

Enceladus

73
Q

Saturn’s largest moon

A

Titan

74
Q

The second largest moon in our solar system

A

Titan

75
Q

The coldest planet in our solar system

A

Uranus

76
Q

Which gas in Uranus and Neptune’s atmosphere causes their blue coloration? Why?

A

Methane, it reflects blue light rays

77
Q

The tallest cliff in our solar system? Which moon is it located on?

A

Verona Rupes on Miranda

78
Q

Uranus’s largest moon

A

Titania

79
Q

Which planet has the fastest wind speed in our solar system?

A

Neptune

80
Q

Neptune’s largest moon

A

Triton

81
Q

The solar system’s largest captured moon

A

Triton

82
Q

What happens to moons with a prograde orbit?

A

They spiral outward, away from a planet

83
Q

What happens to moons with a retrograde orbit?

A

They spiral inward, towards a planet

84
Q

Pluto’s largest moon

A

Charon

85
Q

The largest known dwarf planet

A

Pluto

86
Q

The largest object in the asteroid belt

A

Ceres

87
Q

Where is Aphrodite Terra found?

A

Venus

88
Q

On which moon is Galileo Regio found?

A

Ganymede

89
Q

Where is the Great Red Spot located?

A

Jupiter

90
Q

Which planet is Hellis Planitia located on?

A

Mars

91
Q

Where is the Hexagon?

A

Saturn

92
Q

Which planet is the Ishtar Terra Found?

A

Venus

93
Q

Where is Tharsis Rise located?

A

Mars

94
Q

Approximately how old is the universe?

A

13.82 (14) Billion Years old

95
Q

Approximately how old is our solar system?

A

4.57 (6) Billion Years old

96
Q

List the planets in order, from largest to smallest, according to their diameters

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury

97
Q
A

Saturn

98
Q
A

Jupiter

99
Q
A

Uranus

100
Q
A

Neptune

101
Q
A

Earth

102
Q
A

Venus

103
Q
A

Mars

104
Q
A

Mercury

105
Q
A

Moon

106
Q
A

Sun

107
Q

the time it takes any solar object to spin 360 degrees about its axis

A

Rotational period

108
Q

The time it takes any solar object to make a 360-degree orbit around another

A

Revolution period

109
Q

Which planet is the densest?

A

Earth

110
Q

In terms of composition, Terrestrial planets are _______, while Jovian planets are ______.

A

Rocky, Gasseous

111
Q

In terms of size, terrestrial planets are _____, while Jovian planets are _______.

A

Small, Big

112
Q

In terms of rings, Terrestrial planets (do or do not) have rings, while Jovian planets (do or do not) have rings

A

Do not, Do

113
Q

In terms of moons, Terrestrial planets have ______, while Jovian planets have_______.

A

Few, Many

114
Q

The _______ is older and more cratered, while the ______ is younger and less cratered. (on the moon)

A

Terrae, Maria

115
Q

The ______ is darker and at a lower elevation than the lighter, higher elevation ______. (on the moon)

A

Maria, Terrae

116
Q

moons (or objects) with a revolution direction identical to their planet’s (or object’s) rotation

A

Prograde Orbit

117
Q

Identical revolutions and rotation periods

A

Synchronous rotation

118
Q

Moons (or objects) with a revolution direction opposite of their planet’s (or object’s) rotation

A

Retrograde Orbit

119
Q

Identical rotation directions of a moon and planet (or two objects)

A

Prograde rotation

120
Q

Opposite rotation directions of a moon and planet (or two objects)

A

Retrograde orbit

121
Q

The revolution direction of all planets and Pluto

A

counterclockwise

122
Q

The rotation direction of all planets is ______, except for ______ ______ and _____, which is ______.

A

Counterclockwise, Venus, Uranus, Pluto, clockwise

123
Q
A

Venus

124
Q
A

Uranus

125
Q
A

Triton

126
Q
A

Titania

127
Q
A

Titan

128
Q
A

Saturn

129
Q
A

Pluto

130
Q
A

neptune

131
Q
A

Moon

132
Q
A

Miranda

133
Q
A

Mercury

134
Q
A

Mars

135
Q
A

Jupiter

136
Q
A

Io

137
Q
A

Ganymeade

138
Q
A

Europa

139
Q
A

Enceladus

140
Q
A

Earth

141
Q
A

Callisto

142
Q

pluto’s largest moon

A

Charon

143
Q

the only large solar objects that have synchronous rotation with each other

A

Pluto and Charon

144
Q

The correct order of the Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, and Scattered Disk

A

Kuiper Belt, Scattered Disk, Oort Cloud

145
Q

The structure that represents the largest object in our solar system

A

The Heliosphere

146
Q

The semimajor axis of Mercury

A

.4

147
Q

The semimajor axis of Venus

A

.7

148
Q

The semimajor axis of Earth

A

1

149
Q

The semimajor axis of Mars

A

1.5

150
Q

The semimajor axis of Jupiter

A

5

151
Q

The semimajor axis of Saturn

A

10

152
Q

The semimajor axis of Uranus

A

20

153
Q

The semimajor axis of Neptune

A

30

154
Q

The semimajor axis of Pluto

A

40

155
Q

Kepler’s 3rd Law

A

P^2= a^3

156
Q
A

New Moon

157
Q
A

Waxing Crescent Moon

158
Q
A

1st Quarter Moon

159
Q
A

Waxing Gibbous Moon

160
Q
A

Full Moon

161
Q
A

Wanning Gibbous Moon

162
Q
A

3rd Quarter Moon

163
Q
A

Waning Crescent Moon

164
Q

Which planets have a weak, global magnetic field?

A

Mercury and Mars

165
Q

Which planets have a moderate, global magnetic field?

A

Earth, Uranus, and Neptune

166
Q

Which planets have a strong, global magnetic field?

A

Jupiter and Saturn

167
Q

Which planet has no magnetic field?

A

Venus

Astronomy (7 decks)

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