Jupiter & Saturn Flashcards
Jupiter is the _______ god
supreme
Jupiter is the ___ planet from the sun
5th
Jupiter is the largest planet in what three categories
size, volume, and mass
Jupiter rotates what direction?
counterclockwise
what type of rotation does jupiter have?
prograde
Jupiter is the ______ rotating planet
fastest
Jupiter rotates faster at the equator and slower at the poles, meaning it has ______ _____
differential rotation
Jupiter is wider at the equator and smaller at the poles, meaning it is ____
oblate
The most abundant gas in Jupiter
hydrogen (86.2%)
The second most abundant gas in Jupiter
Helium (13.6%)
Methane, ammonia, and water make up _____% of Jupiter’s atmosphere
.2%
The fourth brightest object in the sky
jupiter
The pure color of the clouds
white
the upper layer of clouds on Jupiter are composed of
frozen ammonia crystals
the middle layer of clouds on Jupiter are composed of
Frozen ammonium hydrosulfate crystals
the lower layer of clouds on Jupiter are composed of
Frozen water crystals
As altitude on Jupiter decreases, what increases?
Temp, pressure, and wind speed
What causes the clouds on Jupiter to turn into narrow bands?
It’s fast roatation
the darker bands
belts
relative elevation of belts
low
the lighter bands
zones
relative elevation of zones
high
relative tempurature of belts
warm
belts may be ______
ascending gasses
relative temperature of zones
cool
zones may be _____
descending gasses
holes in the cloud cover that make lower, warmer clouds visible
brown ovals
where are brown ovals typically most common
northern hemisphere
the tops of clouds that represent cooler temperatures
white ovals
where are white ovals typically most common
southern hemisphere
a long-lived storm on Jupiter
the great red spot
where is the great red spot located
southern hemisphere
how big is the great red spot
2 times the diameter of Earth
what is the great red spot composed of
the highest altitude clouds
which direction is the great red spot roatating?
counterclockwise
A merger of three white ovals
Oval BA (red spot jr.)
where is Oval BA located
southern hemisphere
which direction is Oval BA roatating
counterclockwise
The highest and oldest clouds
red clouds
the highest and coolest clouds
white clouds
the lowest and warmest clouds
brown clouds
the three cloud layers are composed of ______ ______ & _____
ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide, and water
the gas layer of Jupiter’s interior is composed of
Hydrogen and helium
the mantle of Jupiter is composed of
helium gas and liquid metallic hydrogen
what generates Jupiter’s magnetic field
liquid metallic hydrogen
composed of -liquid ices’
outer core
in the outer core ______ exceeds _____, keeping the ices in a liquid state
temperature, pressure
composed of solid rock
inner core
Jupiter’s magnetic field is a ______ _____
strong global
the second largest solar system object
Jupiter’s magnetic field
when solar wind leaks through the magnetosphere’s weakest points, (the poles), what phenomenon is created
aurora
how many rings does Jupiter have
4
where do Jupiter’s rings revolve around
the equator
what are Jupiter’s rings made of
dust
what have Jupiter’s rings formed from
meteoritic impacts on Jupiter’s inner satellites
Saturn is the ______ of _____
father of Jupiter
6th planet from the sun
Saturn
2nd largest planet
Saturn
lowest density of any solar object
Saturn
2nd fastest rotating planet
Saturn
What kind of rotation does Saturn exhibit>
Prograde
The planet with the greatest oblateness
Saturn
It is cooler than Jupiter so its helium condenses and ‘rains’ further down into the planet, making Saturn ______ ____
Helium Deficient
compared to Jupiter, Saturn’s clouds are more
spread out
why are the clouds more spread out on Saturn than Jupiter
Saturn has weaker gravity
What are the effects of weaker gravity on Saturn
Duller colors
a six-sided cloud pattern on Saturn
the hexagon
where is the Hexagon Located
The north pole of Saturn
how much larger is Saturn’s magnetic moment than Earth’s
580x
The albedo of Saturn’s rings
80%
what are Saturn’s rings made of
bright, water ice particles
each ring of Saturn is composed of hundreds of ______
ringlets
relatively empty regions in the rings
Gaps
The largest gap in Saturn’s rings
Cassini division
Two other gaps in Saturn’s rings
Encke and Keeler gaps
Microscopic dust particles that are electrostatically repulsed by the rings
spokes
What does Saturn’s magnetic field do the spokes
it raises them out of the rings
when do spokes appear
close to Saturn’s equinoxes
when do spokes dissapear
close to Saturn’s solstices
