Satellites of Jupiter & Saturn Flashcards
how many satellites does Jupiter have on the ‘inner’
Four
Why are the inner moons called “Ring Moons”
because meteorite impacts on them creates Jupiter’s rings
Name Jupiter’s Four ring moons
Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, & Thebe
The reddest moon in the solar system
Amalthea
Why is Amalthea the reddest?
the sulfur deposited from Io makes it red
How many of Jupiter’s satellites were discovered by gallileo?
Four
Where do all of Jupiter’s moons revolve?
near the equator
All of Jupiter’s moons have (High or Low) eccentricities
Low
low eccentricity means that the orbit is (Circular or more oval)
circular
Identical revolution and rotation periods
Synchronous rotation
All of Jupiter’s moons have _______ rotation, or a __:__ spin-orbit coupling
synchronous; 1:1
Moons with a revolution direction identical to their planet’s rotation
prograde orbit
Name the four galilean satellites
Io, Europa, Ganymede, & Callisto
Describe the surface of IO
a moldy looking surface, a little bigger than our moon
What did Jupiter’s satellites form from?
The Jovian Nebula
The most volcanic world in our solar system is
Io
the driest world in our solar system is
Io
Io has _____ impact craters
No
Since Io has no impact craters, it is
Very young
the relative height of the mountains on ____ are much larger than the Earths
Io
Most of Ios volcanoes are of ______ origin, Not volcanic
tectonic
Represented by black spots and are created via tidal heating
Volcanic Vents
Volcanic Vents on _____ eject ____-
Io; ultramafic lava
a type of lava that is hotter than earth’s mafic lava
Ultramafic Lava
This substance is abundant on Io and is responsible for the various colors on its surface
Sulfur
Sulfur is normally (Color)
Yellow
What causes sulfur to turn orange, green, red, or black?
the sulfur changing temperature when it hits the surface/space
on Io, sulfur dioxide is crystalized in space, coming back down on the surface of Io as ________ ____________
White snowflakes
A concentrated magnetic field line that forms a huge electrical circuit which carries from Jupiter to Io
Io Flex Tube
How many amps of electricity are in the Io Flex Tube
3 million
What is the Io Flex Tube made of?
plasma
Very hot, ionized gas
plasma
a doughnut shaped ring of plasma near Io’s orbit
Plasma Tarus
The crust of ____ is a rigid layer of rock
Io
The mantle of ____ is a partially liquid layer of magma
Io
The core of ____ is solid iron or iron sulfide
Io
The most geologically active world in the solar system, but has no plate tectonics
io
The magnetic Field of ___ is induced by Jupiter’s molten magma mantle
Io
The Second Galilean Moon
Europa
the solar system’s smoothest world
Europa
The surface age of Europa
Young, few craters
The _____ ___ on Europa causes the world to appear different colors under different light
water ice
Under visible light, Europa appears ______
White
Under Infared Light, Europa appears
Blue
This surface feature of Europa appears red due to ________ from a substance found in _______, which appears as large red stains
mineral deposits, saltwater
pieces of crustal ice moved around by a warmer subsurface saltwater ocean
Ice Rafts
What world do Ice Rafts form on?
Europa
The lithosphere of Europa
A rigid layer of Water ICe
The asthenosphere of Europa
A liquid layer of warm saltwater
The Mesosphere of Europa
A rigid layer of rock
The plate tectonics on ______ are present, but different than that of Earths. They are solid ice and liquid water
Europa
The magnetic field of Europa is induced by Jupiter in its ______ ________ asthenosphere
Warm Saltwater
The most likely place to find extraterrestrial life in our solar system is
Europa
Life on Europa may be possible due to the
Warm saltwater ocean that is kept liquid by tidal heating
What is constantly recreating the surface of Europa?
ice tectonics
The solar system’s largest moon
Ganymede
Ganymede has three main surface features. name them
Bight terrain, Dark terrain, and Galileo Regio
This surface feature on ______ has long grooves and few craters, which indicates a young surface age
Ganymede, Bright terrain
This surface feature on Ganymede has long furrows and many craters, which indicates a yong surface age
Dark terrain
a large circular area of dark terrain in the northern hemisphere
Galileo regio
where is Galileo regio located?
Northern hemisphere of Ganymede
The lithosphere of Ganymede
a rigid layer of water ice
The asthenosphere of ______ is a liquid layer of cold saltwater
Ganymede
the mesosphere of Ganymede is a
Rigid layer of rock
The _______ _____ of _______ is molten iron and represents spinning fluid that generates a magnetic field
Outer core, Ganymede
The inner core of Ganymede is made of
solid iron
the only moon to have a magnetosphere
ganymede
What relative magnetosphere does Ganymede have?
Weak, global
The magnetic field of _____ is induced by Jupiter in its ______ ________ asthenosphere
Cold Saltwater
Does Ganymede experience Tidal Heating?
No, because it has a very circular orbit
The solar systems most cratered world
Callisto
this moon is covered by a dark ,unknown substance
Callisto
Has the oldest surface of any world
Callisto
Callisto’s largest impact crater
Valhalla
Callisto is partially differentiated, meaning it experiences _____ (a little or a lot) of tidal heating
a little
The lithosphere of Callisto
A rigid layer of water ice
The Asthenosphere of ____ is a liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as an intifreeze
Callisto
The mesosphere of Callisto is
a mixture of water ice and rock
The magnetic field of Callisto is induced by Jupiter and its _______ _______ asthenosphere
Cold saltwater
The sidereal period ratio of Io, Europa, and Callisto
1:2:4 days
The sidereal period ratio of Io, Europa, and Callisto does what to their orbits?
Stabilizes them
Jupiter’s (outer or inner) moons do not revolve around the equator
outer
the outer moons of Jupiter have
Elliptical orbits (High Eccectricities)
The outer moons of Jupiter are (small or large)
small
The type of orbits that most of Jupiter’s outer moons have are
Retrograde
moons with a revolution direction different from their planet’s rotation
Retrograde orbits
All of Jupiter’s outer moons are
Captured asteroids
Saturn’s moon that orbits and clears the Enke Gap
Pan
What moon clears the Enke Gap
Pan
Saturn’s moon that orbits and clears the Keeler Gap
Daphnis
What moon clears the Keeler Gap
Daphnis
The last two inner moons of Saturn that keep the F ring in a narrow band (called shepherd satellites)
Prometheus & Pandora
Name the four inner moons of Saturn
Pan, Daphnis, Prometheus, and Pandora
The smallest, most spherical world due to self-gravitation
Mimas
What moon creates the Cassini Division on Saturn?
Mimas
Mimas’s Largest Impact Crater
Hershel
The second moderate sized moon of Saturn
Enceladus
The most reflective world in the solar system is
Enceladus
Enceladus has a surface feature of pure
water ice
Ice volcanoes that erupt water from a cold substance saltwater ocean
cryovolcanoes
Cryovolcanoes from _____ supply ice particles to the E Ring
Enceladus
The interior of Enceladus is only partially
differentiated
the lithosphere of Enceladus
a rigid layer of pure water ice
the asthenosphere of Enceladus is a liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as antifreeze in the (northern or southern) hemisphere
Southern
The core of Enceladus
a mix of water ice and rock
Enceladus has _____ tectonics
ice
name four others moons that orbit saturn
Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Lapetus
Saturn has one planet-sized moon, named
titan
the solar system’s second largest moon
titan
the only moon with a thick atmosphere
titan
the atmosphere of titan is mainly
nitrogen and methane
bright terrain on titan indicates areas covered by
water ice
dark terrain on titan indicates areas covered by
sand dunes
cryovolcanoes on titan errupt
methane, water, and ammonia
forming clouds, rain, and lakes through the _____ cycle near the (north or south) pole
Methane, north
the interior of titan is
a rigid layer of water ice
the asthenosphere of titan is a
liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as antifreeze
the mesosphere of titan is
a rigid layer of water ice and rock
the moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn revolve near the
equator
moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn have ______ orbits, and ______ eccentricities
Circular, low
All moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn have ______ rotation and ______ orbits
synchronous, prograde
All moons around Saturn formed from the ______ _____
Saturn Nebula
