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Astronomy > Satellites of Jupiter & Saturn > Flashcards

Satellites of Jupiter & Saturn Flashcards

1
Q

how many satellites does Jupiter have on the ‘inner’

A

Four

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2
Q

Why are the inner moons called “Ring Moons”

A

because meteorite impacts on them creates Jupiter’s rings

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3
Q

Name Jupiter’s Four ring moons

A

Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, & Thebe

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4
Q

The reddest moon in the solar system

A

Amalthea

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5
Q

Why is Amalthea the reddest?

A

the sulfur deposited from Io makes it red

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6
Q

How many of Jupiter’s satellites were discovered by gallileo?

A

Four

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7
Q

Where do all of Jupiter’s moons revolve?

A

near the equator

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8
Q

All of Jupiter’s moons have (High or Low) eccentricities

A

Low

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9
Q

low eccentricity means that the orbit is (Circular or more oval)

A

circular

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10
Q

Identical revolution and rotation periods

A

Synchronous rotation

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11
Q

All of Jupiter’s moons have _______ rotation, or a __:__ spin-orbit coupling

A

synchronous; 1:1

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12
Q

Moons with a revolution direction identical to their planet’s rotation

A

prograde orbit

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13
Q

Name the four galilean satellites

A

Io, Europa, Ganymede, & Callisto

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14
Q

Describe the surface of IO

A

a moldy looking surface, a little bigger than our moon

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15
Q

What did Jupiter’s satellites form from?

A

The Jovian Nebula

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16
Q

The most volcanic world in our solar system is

A

Io

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17
Q

the driest world in our solar system is

A

Io

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18
Q

Io has _____ impact craters

A

No

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19
Q

Since Io has no impact craters, it is

A

Very young

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20
Q

the relative height of the mountains on ____ are much larger than the Earths

A

Io

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21
Q

Most of Ios volcanoes are of ______ origin, Not volcanic

A

tectonic

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22
Q

Represented by black spots and are created via tidal heating

A

Volcanic Vents

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23
Q

Volcanic Vents on _____ eject ____-

A

Io; ultramafic lava

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24
Q

a type of lava that is hotter than earth’s mafic lava

A

Ultramafic Lava

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25
Q

This substance is abundant on Io and is responsible for the various colors on its surface

A

Sulfur

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26
Q

Sulfur is normally (Color)

A

Yellow

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27
Q

What causes sulfur to turn orange, green, red, or black?

A

the sulfur changing temperature when it hits the surface/space

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28
Q

on Io, sulfur dioxide is crystalized in space, coming back down on the surface of Io as ________ ____________

A

White snowflakes

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29
Q

A concentrated magnetic field line that forms a huge electrical circuit which carries from Jupiter to Io

A

Io Flex Tube

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30
Q

How many amps of electricity are in the Io Flex Tube

A

3 million

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31
Q

What is the Io Flex Tube made of?

A

plasma

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32
Q

Very hot, ionized gas

A

plasma

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33
Q

a doughnut shaped ring of plasma near Io’s orbit

A

Plasma Tarus

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34
Q

The crust of ____ is a rigid layer of rock

A

Io

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35
Q

The mantle of ____ is a partially liquid layer of magma

A

Io

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36
Q

The core of ____ is solid iron or iron sulfide

A

Io

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37
Q

The most geologically active world in the solar system, but has no plate tectonics

A

io

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38
Q

The magnetic Field of ___ is induced by Jupiter’s molten magma mantle

A

Io

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39
Q

The Second Galilean Moon

A

Europa

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40
Q

the solar system’s smoothest world

A

Europa

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41
Q

The surface age of Europa

A

Young, few craters

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42
Q

The _____ ___ on Europa causes the world to appear different colors under different light

A

water ice

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43
Q

Under visible light, Europa appears ______

A

White

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44
Q

Under Infared Light, Europa appears

A

Blue

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45
Q

This surface feature of Europa appears red due to ________ from a substance found in _______, which appears as large red stains

A

mineral deposits, saltwater

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46
Q

pieces of crustal ice moved around by a warmer subsurface saltwater ocean

A

Ice Rafts

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47
Q

What world do Ice Rafts form on?

A

Europa

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48
Q

The lithosphere of Europa

A

A rigid layer of Water ICe

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49
Q

The asthenosphere of Europa

A

A liquid layer of warm saltwater

50
Q

The Mesosphere of Europa

A

A rigid layer of rock

51
Q

The plate tectonics on ______ are present, but different than that of Earths. They are solid ice and liquid water

A

Europa

52
Q

The magnetic field of Europa is induced by Jupiter in its ______ ________ asthenosphere

A

Warm Saltwater

53
Q

The most likely place to find extraterrestrial life in our solar system is

A

Europa

54
Q

Life on Europa may be possible due to the

A

Warm saltwater ocean that is kept liquid by tidal heating

55
Q

What is constantly recreating the surface of Europa?

A

ice tectonics

56
Q

The solar system’s largest moon

A

Ganymede

57
Q

Ganymede has three main surface features. name them

A

Bight terrain, Dark terrain, and Galileo Regio

58
Q

This surface feature on ______ has long grooves and few craters, which indicates a young surface age

A

Ganymede, Bright terrain

59
Q

This surface feature on Ganymede has long furrows and many craters, which indicates a yong surface age

A

Dark terrain

60
Q

a large circular area of dark terrain in the northern hemisphere

A

Galileo regio

61
Q

where is Galileo regio located?

A

Northern hemisphere of Ganymede

62
Q

The lithosphere of Ganymede

A

a rigid layer of water ice

63
Q

The asthenosphere of ______ is a liquid layer of cold saltwater

A

Ganymede

64
Q

the mesosphere of Ganymede is a

A

Rigid layer of rock

65
Q

The _______ _____ of _______ is molten iron and represents spinning fluid that generates a magnetic field

A

Outer core, Ganymede

66
Q

The inner core of Ganymede is made of

A

solid iron

67
Q

the only moon to have a magnetosphere

A

ganymede

68
Q

What relative magnetosphere does Ganymede have?

A

Weak, global

69
Q

The magnetic field of _____ is induced by Jupiter in its ______ ________ asthenosphere

A

Cold Saltwater

70
Q

Does Ganymede experience Tidal Heating?

A

No, because it has a very circular orbit

71
Q

The solar systems most cratered world

A

Callisto

72
Q

this moon is covered by a dark ,unknown substance

A

Callisto

73
Q

Has the oldest surface of any world

A

Callisto

74
Q

Callisto’s largest impact crater

A

Valhalla

75
Q

Callisto is partially differentiated, meaning it experiences _____ (a little or a lot) of tidal heating

A

a little

76
Q

The lithosphere of Callisto

A

A rigid layer of water ice

77
Q

The Asthenosphere of ____ is a liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as an intifreeze

A

Callisto

78
Q

The mesosphere of Callisto is

A

a mixture of water ice and rock

79
Q

The magnetic field of Callisto is induced by Jupiter and its _______ _______ asthenosphere

A

Cold saltwater

80
Q

The sidereal period ratio of Io, Europa, and Callisto

A

1:2:4 days

81
Q

The sidereal period ratio of Io, Europa, and Callisto does what to their orbits?

A

Stabilizes them

82
Q

Jupiter’s (outer or inner) moons do not revolve around the equator

A

outer

83
Q

the outer moons of Jupiter have

A

Elliptical orbits (High Eccectricities)

84
Q

The outer moons of Jupiter are (small or large)

A

small

85
Q

The type of orbits that most of Jupiter’s outer moons have are

A

Retrograde

86
Q

moons with a revolution direction different from their planet’s rotation

A

Retrograde orbits

87
Q

All of Jupiter’s outer moons are

A

Captured asteroids

88
Q

Saturn’s moon that orbits and clears the Enke Gap

A

Pan

89
Q

What moon clears the Enke Gap

A

Pan

90
Q

Saturn’s moon that orbits and clears the Keeler Gap

A

Daphnis

91
Q

What moon clears the Keeler Gap

A

Daphnis

92
Q

The last two inner moons of Saturn that keep the F ring in a narrow band (called shepherd satellites)

A

Prometheus & Pandora

93
Q

Name the four inner moons of Saturn

A

Pan, Daphnis, Prometheus, and Pandora

94
Q

The smallest, most spherical world due to self-gravitation

A

Mimas

95
Q

What moon creates the Cassini Division on Saturn?

A

Mimas

96
Q

Mimas’s Largest Impact Crater

A

Hershel

97
Q

The second moderate sized moon of Saturn

A

Enceladus

98
Q

The most reflective world in the solar system is

A

Enceladus

99
Q

Enceladus has a surface feature of pure

A

water ice

100
Q

Ice volcanoes that erupt water from a cold substance saltwater ocean

A

cryovolcanoes

101
Q

Cryovolcanoes from _____ supply ice particles to the E Ring

A

Enceladus

102
Q

The interior of Enceladus is only partially

A

differentiated

103
Q

the lithosphere of Enceladus

A

a rigid layer of pure water ice

104
Q

the asthenosphere of Enceladus is a liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as antifreeze in the (northern or southern) hemisphere

A

Southern

105
Q

The core of Enceladus

A

a mix of water ice and rock

106
Q

Enceladus has _____ tectonics

A

ice

107
Q

name four others moons that orbit saturn

A

Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Lapetus

108
Q

Saturn has one planet-sized moon, named

A

titan

109
Q

the solar system’s second largest moon

A

titan

110
Q

the only moon with a thick atmosphere

A

titan

111
Q

the atmosphere of titan is mainly

A

nitrogen and methane

112
Q

bright terrain on titan indicates areas covered by

A

water ice

113
Q

dark terrain on titan indicates areas covered by

A

sand dunes

114
Q

cryovolcanoes on titan errupt

A

methane, water, and ammonia

115
Q

forming clouds, rain, and lakes through the _____ cycle near the (north or south) pole

A

Methane, north

116
Q

the interior of titan is

A

a rigid layer of water ice

117
Q

the asthenosphere of titan is a

A

liquid layer of cold saltwater with ammonia as antifreeze

118
Q

the mesosphere of titan is

A

a rigid layer of water ice and rock

119
Q

the moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn revolve near the

A

equator

120
Q

moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn have ______ orbits, and ______ eccentricities

A

Circular, low

121
Q

All moderate and planet sized moons of Saturn have ______ rotation and ______ orbits

A

synchronous, prograde

122
Q

All moons around Saturn formed from the ______ _____

A

Saturn Nebula

Astronomy (7 decks)

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