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Reviewer: History of Landscape Architecture > The Middle Ages Terms > Flashcards

The Middle Ages Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

A religious institution under the dictatorship of a superior or head of a monastery; a convent

A

Abbey

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1
Q

The superior or head of a monastery

A

Abbot

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2
Q

An increase of size or extent by natural growth or by gradual external addition

A

Accretion

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3
Q

From the Latin word “to walk”; a covered walkway or aisle outdoors or indoors, especially the passageway around the apse and choir of a church

A

Ambulatory

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4
Q

The circular or multi-angular recess or termination of a church sanctuary; usually the east end of a chapel

A

Apse

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5
Q

A carved wood or stone placed figure; often in a form of a Heraldic Beast

A

Beeste

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6
Q

A nautical post which mooring ropes are fastened; (or) any short vertical post of stone, metal, or wood used to inhibit vehicular passage while allowing free movement of pedestrians

A

Bollard

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7
Q

Italian word for a bell tower; usually detached from the main building or church

A

Campanile (Italian word for bell - campana)

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8
Q

The part of a church near the altar, often at the east end and set apart by a rail, which is for the use of the clergy and the choir

A

Chancel

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9
Q

A rectangular courtyard surrounded by an open arcade; also, the covered passageways around an open space or garth; south of the nave to maximize sunlight

A

Cloister

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10
Q

A small column

A

Colonnette

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11
Q

The social, political, and economic system in medieval Europe

A

Feudalism

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12
Q

Under the feudal system; land held from a lord in return for service

A

Fief

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13
Q

The archaic word for “fountain”; usually of stone; a receptacle for holy water used in baptism

A

Font

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14
Q

Pertaining to the armorial bearings such as coat of arms and other symbols of genealogy, emblazoned on armor, banners, and other objects of adornment or public display

A

Heraldry

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15
Q

The house or hut wherein dwells a hermit; secluded retreat away from people

A

Hermitage

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16
Q

The innermost part of a castle; often the living quarters in a tower surrounded by wall

A

Keep

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17
Q

A type of piazza; a rectangular space with a structure protruding into one edge; forming a “dogleg” or two-armed public area

A

L-shaped Piazza

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18
Q

The Italian word for a covered gallery or portico with an open arcade or colonnade on at least one side

A

Loggia

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19
Q

A small loggia

A

Loggetta

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20
Q

A large house as the main residence of an estate; (or) in feudal England, the district or land over which the lord had authority; partially divided among his peasants in return for rent or crop sharing

A

Manor

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21
Q

Interconnecting passages carved in the stone floor of a Medieval church; popular in large public and private gardens in England and Europe from the middle ages to the 9th century

A

Maze

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22
Q

A trench, usually filled with water around a fortified structure or position

A

Moat

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23
Q

A place of residence occupied by monks who have retired from the world under religious vows

A

Monastery

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24
Q

Obscure thought or speculation; occult; transintellectual and intuitive; belief that a human’s chief end lies in seeking an intimate union of the soul with the Divinity, nature, or the world soul, achieved through contemplation

A

Mysticism

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25
Q

The part of a church between the entrance and the choir flanked by piers or columns that separate it from the aisles

A

Nave

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26
Q

Planning jargon for resultant built forms derived from a response to localized conditions of the topography and the growth by accretion

A

Organic

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27
Q

A person of the eastern tribe of the barbarians, which kept a monarchy in Italy between A.D. 493 - A.D. 555

A

Ostragoth

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28
Q

The portion of a wall above the roof gutter, sometimes battlemented; also applied to the same feature, rising breast high, on balconies or bridges

A

Parapet

29
Q

From the Latin word paradisus, “an enclosed garden”; an enclosed court in front of a church, sometimes including a garden

A

Parvis

30
Q

An Italian name for a public open square in an urban area; (or) a roofed walkway along the side of a building

A

Piazza (Spanish - Plaza)

31
Q

An Italian urban space that has no streets extending directly through the space; the sight line of each street entering the space is terminated in it

A

Pinwheel Piazza

32
Q

Rectangular plant beds, typically in the medieval garden; with wooden plans used to retain the mounds of soil; its purpose is to obtain better drainage; to maintain the beds without excessive stooping

A

Raised beds

33
Q

Style of architecture based on Roman architecture prevalent in the Western Europe during the ninth and twelfth centuries

A

Romanesque

34
Q

A person in feudal servitude, bound to the master’s land and transferred with the land from owner to owner

A

Serf

35
Q

Part of a cruciform church at right angles to the nave and chancel; the north and south arms

A

Transept

36
Q

A person of the Germanic tribe that ravaged Gaul (France) and Spain, thus, sacked Rome; disregarded the beautiful artworks created by the Romans

A

Vandal

37
Q

A Teutonic person of the western group of a Germanic trine of Central Europe; invaded the Roman Empire in the late fourth century A.D.; established own kingdom in France and Spain

A

Visigoth

38
Q

The primitive technique of wall building; reeds were woven together and covered with mud or plaster which then dries and becomes hard; held up by a wooden framework

A

Wattle and Daub

39
Q

The major church of a diocese, which contains the throne of a bishop

A

Cathedral

40
Q

From the word for any figure made up of frequently intersecting lines; embroidery; (or) an English expression for a garden composed of small hedges, bedding plants, and other ground covers in elaborate designs and patterns reminiscent of the design used in embroidery

A

Knot Garden or Parterre

41
Q

From the French word that means “embroidery on the ground”; an ornamental arrangement of flowerbeds with paths of gravel, pavement, or turf

A

Parterre (Broderie par terre)

42
Q

A religious ceremonial purification by cleansing in water or other liquid; the liquid used

A

Ablution

43
Q

The container that holds the cleansing liquid; may be a small or a large pool

A

Ablution Tank

44
Q

French and English word for “in the Arab manner”; from Moorish and Persian designs, elaborate surface decoration of intertwined foliage, floral and geometrical patterns, painted or carved in low relief

A

Arabesque

45
Q

Glazed pottery tiled usually painted in bright colors with floral and other patterns, much used on the interior and exterior of Spanish and Portuguese buildings

A

Azulejos

46
Q

Italian and Spanish for house

A

Casa

47
Q

Italian for small house; a summer or garden house of ornamental character for amusement purposes; (or) a small country house or lodge

A

Casino

48
Q

A small square elevated structure in Indian (Moghul) gardens; an open dais or gazebo; often placed over a water channel and large enough for at least two persons to sit on, cushioned by oranate carpets and pillows

A

Chabutra

49
Q

Persian for “fourfold water garden,” where four water channels symbolize the four rivers of the world

A

Chadar-Bagh

50
Q

The Persian word for “plane tree”; Ficus sycomorus; akin to American plane tree or sycamore

A

Chenar

51
Q

Lace-like ornamental work of intertwined silver or gold wire; any delicate design

A

Filigree

52
Q

Spanish for a traffic circle or a round junction of paths in a garden; equivalent of the French “Rond Point”

A

Glorieta

53
Q

The exodus or escape of the prophet Mohammed, from persecutions in Mecca to Medina; (or) the era of Mohammed; (or) a journey, especially when undertaken to escape from danger

A

Hegira

54
Q

The religious system of the Almighty Potentate, Allah, begun by Mohammed in A.D. 607-612, in todays’s Saudi Arabia; Mohammedanism

A

Islam

55
Q

The sacred book of the Islamic religion; the revelations to Mohammed by Allah, written in Arabic

A

Koran (Qur’an)

56
Q

A city in western Saudi Arabia; one of two feudal capitals; birthplace of Mohammed; the religious capital of Islam

A

Mecca

57
Q

A slender tower in Islamic architecture, with balcony at its top; built near of as part of, a mosque from which a crier calls the faithful to prayer

A

Minaret

58
Q

A Spanish word for “window” or “balcony” that commands view, especially from a garden or courtyard

A

Mirador

59
Q

His name means “to praise”; founder of Islam

A

Mohammed (Muhammad or Mahomet)

60
Q

A Moslem of Arabic and Berber racial mix living in thr area of Morocco in Northwestern Africa; (or) a person from Morocco who invaded and settled in southern Spain in the eight century; they controlled the region of Andalusia until driven out by Christians in 1492; originated many playful uses of water in the garden

A

Moor

61
Q

A place of adoration; a Moslem or Islamic temple or place of worship

A

Mosque

62
Q

In Islamic religion, the crier, from minaret, calls the faithful to prayer five times each day

A

Muezzin

63
Q

Pertaining to Mohammedism; a believer in Mohammed; an adherent of the Islamic religion

A

Moslem (Muslim)

64
Q

Of Spanish origin; a residential courtyard surrounded by low buildings or walls; a paved area adjoining a house used for outdoor living

A

Patio

65
Q

The Spanish word for public square in an urban area used as a market, park, or for assembly

A

Plaza

66
Q

A small stream; rivulet

A

Rill or Runnel

67
Q

A monastic society or fraternity; a society of persons living under the same religious, mora,, or social regulations

A

Order (i.e. The Franciscan order)

68
Q

Use as a hall of justice in Roman time; (or) a church with a nave and aisles and with clerestory windows in the nave above the aisle roofs

A

Basilica

69
Q

A continental feature and contrasts with the square termination of English Gothic churches; usually at the east end of a chapel or chancel

A

Apse

70
Q

The open colonnaded forecourt in the early Christian basilicas or churches; often cloistered

A

Atrium

Reviewer: History of Landscape Architecture (14 decks)

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