The Middle Ages Terms

Question 0

A religious institution under the dictatorship of a superior or head of a monastery; a convent

Answer 0

Abbey

Question 1

The superior or head of a monastery

Answer 1

Abbot

Question 2

An increase of size or extent by natural growth or by gradual external addition

Answer 2

Accretion

Question 3

From the Latin word “to walk”; a covered walkway or aisle outdoors or indoors, especially the passageway around the apse and choir of a church

Answer 3

Ambulatory

Question 4

The circular or multi-angular recess or termination of a church sanctuary; usually the east end of a chapel

Answer 4

Apse

Question 5

A carved wood or stone placed figure; often in a form of a Heraldic Beast

Answer 5

Beeste

Question 6

A nautical post which mooring ropes are fastened; (or) any short vertical post of stone, metal, or wood used to inhibit vehicular passage while allowing free movement of pedestrians

Answer 6

Bollard

Question 7

Italian word for a bell tower; usually detached from the main building or church

Answer 7

Campanile (Italian word for bell - campana)

Question 8

The part of a church near the altar, often at the east end and set apart by a rail, which is for the use of the clergy and the choir

Answer 8

Chancel

Question 9

A rectangular courtyard surrounded by an open arcade; also, the covered passageways around an open space or garth; south of the nave to maximize sunlight

Answer 9

Cloister

Question 10

A small column

Answer 10

Colonnette

Question 11

The social, political, and economic system in medieval Europe

Answer 11

Feudalism

Question 12

Under the feudal system; land held from a lord in return for service

Answer 12

Fief

Question 13

The archaic word for “fountain”; usually of stone; a receptacle for holy water used in baptism

Answer 13

Font

Question 14

Pertaining to the armorial bearings such as coat of arms and other symbols of genealogy, emblazoned on armor, banners, and other objects of adornment or public display

Answer 14

Heraldry

Question 15

The house or hut wherein dwells a hermit; secluded retreat away from people

Answer 15

Hermitage

Question 16

The innermost part of a castle; often the living quarters in a tower surrounded by wall

Answer 16

Keep

Question 17

A type of piazza; a rectangular space with a structure protruding into one edge; forming a “dogleg” or two-armed public area

Answer 17

L-shaped Piazza

Question 18

The Italian word for a covered gallery or portico with an open arcade or colonnade on at least one side

Answer 18

Loggia

Question 19

A small loggia

Answer 19

Loggetta

Question 20

A large house as the main residence of an estate; (or) in feudal England, the district or land over which the lord had authority; partially divided among his peasants in return for rent or crop sharing

Answer 20

Manor

Question 21

Interconnecting passages carved in the stone floor of a Medieval church; popular in large public and private gardens in England and Europe from the middle ages to the 9th century

Answer 21

Maze

Question 22

A trench, usually filled with water around a fortified structure or position

Answer 22

Moat

Question 23

A place of residence occupied by monks who have retired from the world under religious vows

Answer 23

Monastery

Question 24

Obscure thought or speculation; occult; transintellectual and intuitive; belief that a human's chief end lies in seeking an intimate union of the soul with the Divinity, nature, or the world soul, achieved through contemplation

Answer 24

Mysticism

Question 25

The part of a church between the entrance and the choir flanked by piers or columns that separate it from the aisles

Answer 25

Nave

Question 26

Planning jargon for resultant built forms derived from a response to localized conditions of the topography and the growth by accretion

Answer 26

Organic

Question 27

A person of the eastern tribe of the barbarians, which kept a monarchy in Italy between A.D. 493 - A.D. 555

Answer 27

Ostragoth

Question 28

The portion of a wall above the roof gutter, sometimes battlemented; also applied to the same feature, rising breast high, on balconies or bridges

Answer 28

Parapet

Question 29

From the Latin word paradisus, "an enclosed garden"; an enclosed court in front of a church, sometimes including a garden

Answer 29

Parvis

Question 30

An Italian name for a public open square in an urban area; (or) a roofed walkway along the side of a building

Answer 30

Piazza (Spanish - Plaza)

Question 31

An Italian urban space that has no streets extending directly through the space; the sight line of each street entering the space is terminated in it

Answer 31

Pinwheel Piazza

Question 32

Rectangular plant beds, typically in the medieval garden; with wooden plans used to retain the mounds of soil; its purpose is to obtain better drainage; to maintain the beds without excessive stooping

Answer 32

Raised beds

Question 33

Style of architecture based on Roman architecture prevalent in the Western Europe during the ninth and twelfth centuries

Answer 33

Romanesque

Question 34

A person in feudal servitude, bound to the master's land and transferred with the land from owner to owner

Answer 34

Serf

Question 35

Part of a cruciform church at right angles to the nave and chancel; the north and south arms

Answer 35

Transept

Question 36

A person of the Germanic tribe that ravaged Gaul (France) and Spain, thus, sacked Rome; disregarded the beautiful artworks created by the Romans

Answer 36

Vandal

Question 37

A Teutonic person of the western group of a Germanic trine of Central Europe; invaded the Roman Empire in the late fourth century A.D.; established own kingdom in France and Spain

Answer 37

Visigoth

Question 38

The primitive technique of wall building; reeds were woven together and covered with mud or plaster which then dries and becomes hard; held up by a wooden framework

Answer 38

Wattle and Daub

Question 39

The major church of a diocese, which contains the throne of a bishop

Answer 39

Cathedral

Question 40

From the word for any figure made up of frequently intersecting lines; embroidery; (or) an English expression for a garden composed of small hedges, bedding plants, and other ground covers in elaborate designs and patterns reminiscent of the design used in embroidery

Answer 40

Knot Garden or Parterre

Question 41

From the French word that means "embroidery on the ground"; an ornamental arrangement of flowerbeds with paths of gravel, pavement, or turf

Answer 41

Parterre (Broderie par terre)

Question 42

A religious ceremonial purification by cleansing in water or other liquid; the liquid used

Answer 42

Ablution

Question 43

The container that holds the cleansing liquid; may be a small or a large pool

Answer 43

Ablution Tank

Question 44

French and English word for "in the Arab manner"; from Moorish and Persian designs, elaborate surface decoration of intertwined foliage, floral and geometrical patterns, painted or carved in low relief

Answer 44

Arabesque

Question 45

Glazed pottery tiled usually painted in bright colors with floral and other patterns, much used on the interior and exterior of Spanish and Portuguese buildings

Answer 45

Azulejos

Question 46

Italian and Spanish for house

Answer 46

Casa

Question 47

Italian for small house; a summer or garden house of ornamental character for amusement purposes; (or) a small country house or lodge

Answer 47

Casino

Question 48

A small square elevated structure in Indian (Moghul) gardens; an open dais or gazebo; often placed over a water channel and large enough for at least two persons to sit on, cushioned by oranate carpets and pillows

Answer 48

Chabutra

Question 49

Persian for "fourfold water garden," where four water channels symbolize the four rivers of the world

Answer 49

Chadar-Bagh

Question 50

The Persian word for "plane tree"; Ficus sycomorus; akin to American plane tree or sycamore

Answer 50

Chenar

Question 51

Lace-like ornamental work of intertwined silver or gold wire; any delicate design

Answer 51

Filigree

Question 52

Spanish for a traffic circle or a round junction of paths in a garden; equivalent of the French "Rond Point"

Answer 52

Glorieta

Question 53

The exodus or escape of the prophet Mohammed, from persecutions in Mecca to Medina; (or) the era of Mohammed; (or) a journey, especially when undertaken to escape from danger

Answer 53

Hegira

Question 54

The religious system of the Almighty Potentate, Allah, begun by Mohammed in A.D. 607-612, in todays's Saudi Arabia; Mohammedanism

Answer 54

Islam

Question 55

The sacred book of the Islamic religion; the revelations to Mohammed by Allah, written in Arabic

Answer 55

Koran (Qur'an)

Question 56

A city in western Saudi Arabia; one of two feudal capitals; birthplace of Mohammed; the religious capital of Islam

Answer 56

Mecca

Question 57

A slender tower in Islamic architecture, with balcony at its top; built near of as part of, a mosque from which a crier calls the faithful to prayer

Answer 57

Minaret

Question 58

A Spanish word for "window" or "balcony" that commands view, especially from a garden or courtyard

Answer 58

Mirador

Question 59

His name means "to praise"; founder of Islam

Answer 59

Mohammed (Muhammad or Mahomet)

Question 60

A Moslem of Arabic and Berber racial mix living in thr area of Morocco in Northwestern Africa; (or) a person from Morocco who invaded and settled in southern Spain in the eight century; they controlled the region of Andalusia until driven out by Christians in 1492; originated many playful uses of water in the garden

Answer 60

Moor

Question 61

A place of adoration; a Moslem or Islamic temple or place of worship

Answer 61

Mosque

Question 62

In Islamic religion, the crier, from minaret, calls the faithful to prayer five times each day

Answer 62

Muezzin

Question 63

Pertaining to Mohammedism; a believer in Mohammed; an adherent of the Islamic religion

Answer 63

Moslem (Muslim)

Question 64

Of Spanish origin; a residential courtyard surrounded by low buildings or walls; a paved area adjoining a house used for outdoor living

Answer 64

Patio

Question 65

The Spanish word for public square in an urban area used as a market, park, or for assembly

Answer 65

Plaza

Question 66

A small stream; rivulet

Answer 66

Rill or Runnel

Question 67

A monastic society or fraternity; a society of persons living under the same religious, mora,, or social regulations

Answer 67

Order (i.e. The Franciscan order)

Question 68

Use as a hall of justice in Roman time; (or) a church with a nave and aisles and with clerestory windows in the nave above the aisle roofs

Answer 68

Basilica

Question 69

A continental feature and contrasts with the square termination of English Gothic churches; usually at the east end of a chapel or chancel

Answer 69

Apse

Question 70

The open colonnaded forecourt in the early Christian basilicas or churches; often cloistered

Answer 70

Atrium