Outline III: Renaissance Period to Modern Times Flashcards
Duration of the Renaissance period
Fourteenth to seventeenth centuries
Date of Italian Renaissance
(C. 1350-1675)
This peninsula varies from flat in the south to mountainous in the north; extremely hot and dry in the south to lush, cool, and temperate in the Alps of the north; good agricultural lands
Italy
Date of the Philosopher’s Garden period (formative period)
(1430-1500)
Many independent republics; some of which were continuously at war with one another; all was Catholic, with allegiance to the Pope in Rome; humanism became the new philosophical outlook
Italian Renaissance
Design expressions of the Italian Renaissance (4 Key Points)
Residential houses and gardens (villas) of the formative period
High Renaissance Villas
Baroque Period Villas
Urban Civic Space Design (Piazzas)
A designer during the Italian Renaissance
Michelozzo Guiliano Sangallo Bramante Raphael Ligorio and Olivieri Tribolo Vignola Fontana Rossolino Brunelleschi Michelangelo Bernini
Date of the Italian High Renaissance
(1500-1575)
Date of Italian Baroque period
(1575-1675)
The person who articulated the systemized design theory in his ten-volume book De Re Aedificatoria (1452)
Leonbatista Alberti
Period when the diagonal or radial patterns were introduced
Italian Baroque Period
Date of France Renaissance
(1495-1750)
Continental European temperate climate with cold, snowy winters and warm, sunny summers supporting a rich agricultural productivity
France
Date of Early French Renaissance
(1495-1550)
Describe Early French Renaissance chateau (4 Key Points)
Added onto existing medieval castles
Irregular in arrangement
Not architecturally integrated with residence
Gardens walled and often surrounded by moat
Politically unified country by mid-16th century with the king as absolute ruler
France
Date of French High Renaissance
(1550-1656)
Date of the French Baroque
(1656-1720s)
Person who developed the French grand style, baroque
Andre Le Notre
Date of England Renaissance
(1480-1715)
A designer in the French Renaissance period
Le Notre Martin Charbonnier Henry Wise Andre Mollet J. Effner von Erloch Hildebrandt Le Blond Cartier Boutelet Vanvitelli Haussmann
Cool and moist climate with considerable less bright sunshine than in continental or Mediterranean countries
England
Date of the Reformation Period in England
(1536-1539)
A small island with subtle landscape variations, from the rocky coasts of the southwest in Cornwall to the flat expanses of the east coast in East Anglia to the Pennine moorlands of Yorkshire and Northumberland
England
Politically unified under a monarch (king or queen), with parliamentary form of government
England
Roman Catholicism was the predominant religion in England until 1534, and was subsequently reformed the church into what kind of church
Church of England (Anglican)
Two persons who run the British Commonwealth; the Lord Protectors
Oliver and Richard Cromwell
The person who abolished the Parliament in England and was executed in 1647
Charles I
5 periods during the English Renaissance
Tudor Period (1480-1603) Elizabethan Period (1558-1603) Jacobean Period (1603-1625) Political Turmoil (1629-1660) English High Renaissance (1660-1715)
Period and term that describes the great increase in rural estate development following reformation and subsequent redistribution of monastic land holdings to Henry VIII’s friends
Tudor Period, “Landed Gentry”
A transition period to larger, more formal, ornate gardens; axial master plans began; increased use of topiary; increased influence from the European continent
Elizabethan Period
Period where there is increased influence from Italy; when Inigo Jones returned from study in Italy and Vitruvius translated into English
Jacobean Period
Restoration Period in the English Renaissance
(1660-1688)
Period when the English royal family was restored to the throne; large number of formal gardens and related environmental impacts lead to the reduction of forest areas, game habitats, and game populations
English High Renaissance
