Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASCI 341 > The Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the testes? How much sperm do they produce per day?

A
  • Manufacturing and assembly
  • 1 to 25 billion sperm/day for both testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main function of the head and body of the epididymis?

A

Finishing shops
- Sperm undergo changes to become fertile –> capacitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 sections of the epididymis?

A
  • Caput (head)
  • Corpus (body)
  • Cuada (tail)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the tail of the epidiymis?

A
  • Warehouse and shipping center
  • Storage of fertile spermatozoa before ejaculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathway that sperm take after sexual excitement?

A

Sperm are shipped:

Epididymal duct –> ductus deferense –> pelvic urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the accessory sex glands?

A

Final alterations and packaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is seminal plasma?

A

Fluid from the tail of the epididymis and accessory sex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 6 basic components of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Spermatic cord
  • Scrotum
  • Testis
  • Excurrent duct system
  • Accessory sex glands
  • Penis and muscles for protrusion, erection, and ejaculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the spermatic cord? Where is it located?

A

Suspends testis in the scrotum

Extends from inguinal ring –> dorsal pole of testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 components houses by the spermatic cord?

A
  • testicular vasculature, lymphatics and nerves
  • ductus deferens
  • cremaster muscle
  • pampiniform plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the testicular vasculature, lymphatics and nerves?

A

Connect to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

A

Sperm transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

Supports testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Heat exchanger –> specialized vasculature network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus and its function? Why is this important?

A

Intertwined artery and vein –> temperature control of the testis

Important for successful manufacture of spermatozoa - “spermatogensis”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the uncoiled and coiled spermatic artery and spermatic vein located?

A

Uncoiled –> in body and dorsal portion of the spermatic cord

Coiled –> ventral portion of spermatic cord - close to testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the spermatic artery and spermatic vein form?

A
  • Forms countercurrent heat exchanger
    Heat transfer - warm blood of body (spermatic artery) –> cooler blood leaving surface of the testis (spermatic vein)
    From heat loss on surface of the scrotum
  • Also forms pulse pressure eliminator –> blood entering the testis is “pulseless”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does close proximity of spermatic artery and vein allow?

A

Allows testosterone exchange
Recirculated back to testis by spermatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle? Where is is located? What kind of muscle is it made of?

A
  • Suspends testis and aids in testicular temperature control
  • Follows length of spermatic cord
  • Striated muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does contraction and relaxation of the cremaster muscle trigger?

A

Triggers “pumping action” on pampiniform plexus
- Facilitates blood flow
- Enhances cooling efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the scrotum and what does it do?

A

2 lobes sack –> acts as a thermosensor, radiator, and protective sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 layers of the scrotum?

A
  • skin
  • tunica dartos
  • scrotal fascia
  • parietal tunica vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the skin layer of the scrotum? What is its function?

A

Many sweat glands which are innervated with sympathetic nerves

In event of increased body or scrotal temperature, hypothalamus triggers activation of sweat glands –> cool scrotum and testes by evaporating heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the scrotal skin? What does it do in the ram?

A

Many thermosensitive nerves

Neural pathway between scrotum and respiratory system in brain
Heat up scrotum in ram –> increased respiratory rate and “panting”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens when fat accumulated in the scrotum?

A

High nutrient diets –> can interfere with thermoregulation (decrease fertility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the tunica dartos? What does its degree of contraction depend on?

A

Mesh-like smooth muscle layer beneath the scrotal skin

Degree of contraction dependent on scrotal skin temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What kind of muscle is the tunica dartos? Why is this important to its function?

A

Smooth muscle –> can maintain sustained contractions - under control of androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the testes?

A

Primary reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 3 things that the testes primarily produce?

A
  • Spermatozoa
  • Hormones and proteins
  • Fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the hormones and proteins the testes produce?

A

testosterone, inhibin, estrogen, and proteins for spermatozoal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the purpose of the fluids that the testes produce? Where does it originate from?

A

-Originates from seminiferous tubules

Serves as vehicle for spermatozoa transport and helps move sperm out of the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 4 components of the testis?

A
  • Testicular capsule
  • Perenchyma
  • Mediastinum
  • Rete tubules
33
Q

What is the testicular layer?

A

2 layered covering of testis

34
Q

What are the 2 layers of the testicular capsule?

A
  • Visceral tunica vaginalis
  • Tunica albuginea
35
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Connective tissue capsule –> sends finger-like projections into the mediastinum

36
Q

What kind of muscle does the tunica albuginea have? What is its function?

A

Contains smooth muscle - contraction and relaxation –>
Facilitates sperm movement through the rete tubules and efferent ducts

37
Q

What is the parenchyma?

A

Cellular mass of a gland or organ that is supported by a network of connective tissue

38
Q

What are the components of testicular parenchyma?

A
  • Seminiferous tubules –> tubular component
  • Leydig cells –> interstitial components (produce testosterone)
  • Capillaries
  • Lymphatic vesses
  • Connective tissue
39
Q

What does the tubular compartment consist of?

A

Seminiferous tubules and everything inside of them

40
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A
  • microscopic –> form highly convoluted loops
  • ends join with rete tubules
  • each loop has convoluted end and straight portion
  • spermatogenesis –> convoluted portion
41
Q

What are the components of the tubular compartment?

A
  • seminiferous epithelium
  • Sertoli cells
  • developing germ cells
  • peritubular cells
42
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

basal and adluminal compartment

43
Q

What do the sertoli cells secrete?

A

fluid for sperm transport

44
Q

What is the peritubular cell function?

A

contractile for sperm transport

45
Q

What are sertoli cells?

A

Cellular “governors” of spermatogenesis ‘

Contain receptors for FSH, testosterone, and other hormones and secrete many factors

46
Q

What are the factors of the sertoli cells?

A
  • Androgen binding protein
  • Sulfated glycoproteins
  • Transferrin
  • Inhibin
47
Q

What is the function of androgen binding protein?

A

Testosterone transport

48
Q

What is the function of the sulfated glycoproteins?

A

Fertility acquisition

49
Q

What is the function of transferrin?

A

Suppresses FSH

50
Q

What are sertoli cells attached by?

A

Specialized junctions - tight junctions

51
Q

What do sertoli cells separate?

A

Basal and adluminal compartments

52
Q

What does the basal compartment contain?

A

Spermatogonia and early primary spermocytes

53
Q

What does the adluminal compartment contain?

A

Primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids – borders lumen

54
Q

What is the mediastinum? What is its function?

A

Central connective tissue core –> houses rete tubules (or testes)

Prevents collapse or compression of duct system within testis

55
Q

What is the function of the rete tubules?

A

sperm transport

56
Q

What is the excurrent duct system composed of?

A
  • efferent ducts
  • epididymis (epididymal duct)
  • ductus (vas) deferens
57
Q

What is seminal plasma?

A

liquid, non-cellular portion of semen – not required for fertility

58
Q

What is important about seminal plasma?

A

Important in natural insemination –> provide fluid for sperm transport

59
Q

How fertile is sperm from tail of epididymis?

A

Just as fertile as ejaculated sperm

60
Q

What do accessory sex glands secrete?

A

substances into pelvic urethra

61
Q

What is seminal plasma produced by?

A
  • epididymis
  • ampulla
  • vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
  • prostate gland
62
Q

What is the ampulla in males?

A

enlargement of the ductus deferens – hard to see in boar

Increased mucosal portion

63
Q

What is the vesicular gland?

A

Large proportion of of ejaculate in boar and bull

64
Q

What shapes are the vesicular glands in bull, ram, boar, and stallion?

A

Bull and ram –> lobulated
Boar –> well-developed – produces viscous, milky component of seminal plasma
Stallion –> elongated, hollow patches

65
Q

Where is the prostate gland located?

A

between bladder and pelvic urethra

66
Q

What are the 2 structural forms of the prostate gland?

A

Corpus prostate –> heart-shaped or H-shaped
Disseminate prostate –> urethral gland

67
Q

What animals have a corpus prostate?

A

Boar –> heart-shaped
Stallion –> H-shaped

68
Q

What kind of animals have a disseminate prostate?

A

Ram –> entirely disseminate
Boar –> major portion of the prostate gland
Bull –> 2 forms – corpus prostate near neck of bladder

69
Q

What shape is the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) and what is it made up of?

A

Small and ovoid
Dense, connective tissue

70
Q

What is ram, bull, and stallion cowper’s gland like?

A

small and buried under bulbospongiosus muscle

71
Q

What is the boar cowper’s gland like?

A

Large and fibrous –> produce gel portion of semen

72
Q

What is the penis?

A

Copulatory organ

73
Q

What is the penis composed of?

A
  • a base
  • a shaft
  • the glans penis
74
Q

What does the shaft in bull, boar, and ran species contain?

A

Contains sigmoid flexure –> s-shaped configuration

75
Q

What maintains sigmoid flexure?

A

Retractor penis muscle

76
Q

What does the shaft contain?

A

Corpus cavernosum –> spongy, erectile tissue
Corpus spongiosum –> spongy, erectile tissue near penile urethra

77
Q

What is the glans penis?

A

Specialized distal end – many sensory nerves

78
Q

What are the muscles associated with pelvic urethra and penis?

A
  • urethralis
  • bulbospongiosus
  • ischiocavernosus
  • retractor penis

ASCI 341 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions