Embryogenesis of the Pituitary Gland and the Male or Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of embryonic germ layers?

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What stems from endoderm germ layer?

A

Digestive system, respiratory system, most glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stems from mesoderm germ layer?

A

Reproductive system
- gonads (male or female)
- uterus, cervix, part of the vagina
- epididymis, ductus deferense
- accessory sex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stems from the ectoderm?

A

nervous system - hypothalamus, pituitary gland
reproductive tract - portions of vaginal and vestibule, penis, vahina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the pituitary gland comes from neurohypophysis?

A

Posterior

Neural tissue developed from infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of the pituitary gland comes from adenohypophysis?

A

Anterior

Glandular tissue developed from Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sella turica?

A

Protective cavity around pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do primordial germ cells migrate to and from?

A

Inner yolk sac –> midgit –> mesentary –> genital/gonadal ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of PGC’s?

A
  • colonize genital ridge
  • stimulate connective tissue proliferation
  • form compact strands of tissue (primitive sex cords)
  • cause genital ridge to enlatge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pronephros

A

Pronephric kidney

non-function, remnant of lower animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mesonephros

A

Mesonephric kidney

functional, bilateral, intermediate kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the mesonephric ducts also called?

A

Wolffian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metanephros

A

Metanephric kidney

Final renal form - adult

Paramesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is male differentiation controlled by?

A

SRY protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does TDF do?

A

Acts on sex cords of primitive gonad – stimulate male sertoli cells / testis development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do sertoli cells secrete?

A

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and dihydrotestosterone

17
Q

What is Desert Hedgehog gene?

A

Causes fetal laydig cells to differentiate and produce

  • testosterone –> male system/ wolfiian ducts
  • dihydrotestosterone –> secondary sex characteristics, penis, scrotum
18
Q

What is combined function of AMH and testosterone?

A

causes paramesonephric ducts (Mullnerian ducts) to degenerate

19
Q

Rete tubules adult version

A

Rete testis

20
Q

Mesonpehric tubules adult version

A

Efferent ducts

21
Q

Mesonephric duct adult version

A

Epididymis and ductus deferens

22
Q

Sex cords adult version

A

Seminiferous tubules

23
Q

What are the 3 phases of testis descent?

A
  • growth and elongation of the fetal body away from the testis
  • rapid growth of the extra abdominal gubernaculum
  • shrinkage of the gubernaculum within the scrotum
24
Q

What is discendin?

A

factor produced by testis that promotes growth of gubernaculum

25
Q

Bilateral cryptorchidism

A

results in sterility but still produce testosterone

26
Q

Unilateral cryptochidism

A

Normal secondary sex characteristics and sexual behavior

27
Q

What happens when there is no TDF?

A

cells form primitive follicle cells (not sertoli cells)

28
Q

What happens when there is no EMH from sertoli cells?

A

leydig cells cant produce testosterone
no male development

mesonephric duct (wolffian duct) and tubules regress. Causes paramesonephric ducts to develop into most of repro travt

29
Q

What is anterior (cranial) vaginal derived from?

A

Mesoderm

30
Q

What is posterior (cuadal) vagina derived from?

A

Ectoderm

31
Q

Paramesoneprhic duct adult version

A

oviduct and uterus

32
Q

Regression of sex cords adult version

A

primordial follicles of ovary

33
Q

Coelomic epithelium adult version

A

cortex of ovary

34
Q

Fused paramesonephric ducts adult version

A

cervix, uterine body, and anterior vagina

35
Q

Urogenital sinus adult version

A

Posterior vaginal and vestibule

36
Q

Genital fold adult version

A

broad ligament

37
Q

What are the 3 types of hermaphrodites

A
  • true hermaphrodite
  • male pseudohermaphrodite
  • female pseudohermaphrodite (free martin)