Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASCI 341 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Reduced local blood flow

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increase in cell size

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uterine horn on opposite side as the ovary with the CL

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Local death of a tissue

A

necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mixng of seminal plasma with spermatozoa

A

Emmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abnormal accumulation of watery fluid in connective tissue

A

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Release of spermatozoa into the lumen of seminiferous tubules

A

Spermeation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increased local blood flow

A

Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uterine horn on the same side as the ovary with the CL

A

Ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increase in cell #

A

Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Destruction of cells by engulfment

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of calcium

A

Induces cellular pathways associated with apoptisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of angiogenic factors

A

Promotes growth of new blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of hyaluronidase

A

component of sperm acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of E-alpha-andronstene

A

Pheromone produced by boar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of cytokines

A

Intracellular mediators of the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of LDL

A

Carrier protein for cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of norepinephrine (NE)

A

Stimulates vasoconstriction of corporal sinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of cAMP

A

Inhibits meiosis resumption of primary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of nitric oxide (NO)

A

Activates the enzyme, guanylate cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of keratoid proteins

A

Helps keep sperm DNA tightly packed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of cholesterol esterase

A

Causes release of cholesterol from esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of oxytocin

A

Stimulates smooth muscle contractions in cauda epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Function of collagenase

A

Breaks down main component of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the correct order associated with reproductive-specific behavior, including lordosis and mounting response

A
  1. sensory neurons
  2. hypothalamus
  3. midbraid
  4. medulla
  5. spinal cord
  6. motor neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is synonymous with precopulatory behavior?

A

Attractivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the steps of precopulatory behavior / attractivty?

A

search of sexual partner –> courtship –> sexual arousal –> erection –> penile protrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is synonymous with copulatory behavior?

A

Proceptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the steps of copulatory behavior / proceptivity?

A

Mounting –> intromission –> ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is synonymous with postcopulatory behavior?

A

Receptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the steps of postcopulatory behavior / receptivity?

A

Dismount –> refractory period –> memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the function of the capitulum of the sperm tail?

A

Connects tail to the sperm head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrial helix of the sperm tail?

A

Converts substrates into ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the function of the 9-course outer fibers of the sperm tail?

A

Structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the function of the axoneme of the sperm tail?

A

Causes movement (contractions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the function of the laminated columns of the sperm tail?

A

Act as a “shock absorber” during flagellar beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the function of the equatorial segment of the sperm head?

A

Separates acrosome region post-nuclear cap region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the function of the apical ridge of the sperm head?

A

Indicator of sperm vitality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the function of the implantation apparatus of the sperm head?

A

Portion of the tail that connects with sperm head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of the post-nuclear cap of the sperm head?

A

Covers posterior 1/3 of sperm nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the function of the acrosome of the sperm head?

A

Contains hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type of cell secretes testosterone?

A

Leydig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What type of cell secretes inhibin?

A

Sertoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What type of cell secretes dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

Sertoli

46
Q

What type of cell secretes estradiol-17B?

A

Sertoli

47
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the surge center of the hypothalamus?

A

-

48
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the alveoli of mammary glands?

A

+

49
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the uterine myometrium?

A

-

50
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the anterior pituitary gland?

A

-

51
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the uterine endometrium?

A

+

52
Q

Would progesterone have a + or - effect on the tonic center of the hypothalamus?

A

-

53
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Contain secretory granules (ruminants)

A

LARGE

54
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

<20 micrometers in size

A

small

55
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Derived from theca internal cells

A

small

56
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Undergo hyperplasia

A

small

57
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Contain many lipid droplets

A

small

58
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

20 - 40 micrometers in size

A

LARGE

59
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Irregular (stellate) shape

A

small

60
Q

Would the following be characteristic of small or LARGE luteal cells?

Undergo hypertrophy

A

LARGE

61
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The post-nuclear cap is formed from the manchette

A

Maturation phase

62
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The axoneme begins to form

A

Cap phase

63
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The acrosomic vesicle forms

A

Golgi phase

64
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The Golgi apparatus migrates toward the caudal part of the spermatid

A

Cap phase

65
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The inner and outer acrosomal membranes become distinct

A

Cap phase

66
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The mitochondria assemble in a helical fashion around the middle piece of the tail

A

Maturation phase

67
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The proximal and distal centrioles migrate to the base of the spermatid nucleus

A

Golgi phase

68
Q

Indicate whether descriptions would be characteristics of the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, or maturation phase.

The acrosome covers the anterior 2/3 portion of the spermatid

A

Acrosomal phase

69
Q

What type of copulator is the stallion?

A

Intermediate

70
Q

What type of copulator is the boar?

A

Sustained

71
Q

What type of copulator is the bull?

A

Short

72
Q

What type of copulator is the camel?

A

Sustained (exception)

73
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The male and female pronuclei are visible at this stage

A

D

74
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The chromosomal complement of the oocyte nucleus at this stage would be 1n

A

C

75
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

This nuclear arrest is at the dictate (dictyotene) stage of prophase I

A

A

76
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The oocyte is arrested at this stage until fertilization causes meiosis resumption

A

B

77
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The diameter of the oocyte cytoplasm can increase 50-fild during this stage

A

A

78
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The chromosomal complement of the oocyte would be 4n

A

A

79
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

This nuclear arrest is at metaphase II

A

B

80
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

The chromosomal complement of the oocyte nucleus at this stage would be 2n

A

B

81
Q

What stage does the following statement match?

Polar body 2 is extended at this stage

A

C

82
Q

What is the order of the stages of spermatogenesis?

A

Proliferation –> meiosis –> differentiation

83
Q

How do sperm develop through proliferation?

A

A1 - A4 type spermatogonia –> I type spermatogonia –> B type spermatogonia

84
Q

How do sperm develop through meiosis?

A

Primary spermatocytes –> secondary spermatocytes

85
Q

How do sperm develop through differentiation?

A

Round spermatids –> elongated spermatids

86
Q

What phase(s) of spermatogenesis occur in the basal compartment?

A

Proliferation

87
Q

What phase(s) of spermatogenesis occur in the abluminal compartment?

A

Meisosis and differntiation

88
Q

What is associated with remodeling of the follicle into the CL in ruminants?

A
  • Intermixing of granulosa and theca interna cells
  • Breakdown of basement membrane by collogenase
  • Follicle imploads and it’s thrown into folds
89
Q

What is associated with copulation in the dog?

A
  • Release of the first and second fraction of ejaculate prior to the turn
  • Enlargement of the bulbisglandis with blood
90
Q

What is part of the pathway associated with sexual preparation of a male?

A
  • Stimulation of muscles associated with ejaculation
  • Sensory stimulation (olfactory, auditory, tactile, and optical)
  • Secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland
91
Q

What germ cells are susceptible to heat stress in the male?

A

Primary spermatocytes and round spermatids

92
Q

What is characteristic of flehmen behavior?

A
  • Curing of the upper lip causes a vacuum in the nasopalatine duct
  • An ion channel called TRP2 is part of the mechanism to perceive pheromones
  • Pheromones are perceived within the vomeronasal organ
93
Q

If a bull is exposed to head stress for 19 days, following initial movement of mature spermatozoa through the epididymis, how long will it take to see the appearance of mature sperm?

A

19 + 51 = 70 days

94
Q

What would be associated with an erect rather than flaccid penis?

A
  • Relaxation of smooth muscle layer surrounding the corporal sinusoids
  • Production of nitric oxide (NO) by NANC neurons
95
Q

What is characteristic of the seminiferous the seminiferous epithelium in the bull?

A
  • Each cycle lasts 13.5 days
  • Each stage of the cycle can last different lengths of time
  • There are 4.5 cycles
96
Q

What is associated with the process of luteolysis in ruminants?

A
  • Oxytocin receptors are produced in the uterine endometrial glands
  • PGF2a is produced in the endometrial glands
97
Q

What is NOT a result of activation of cAMP and protein kinases following LH binding to its receptor on luteal cells?

A

Improved binding of cholesterol and its carrier protein / receptor complexes into the luteal cell

98
Q

True / False

Stimulation of the sensory neurons in the glans penis result in the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary

A

FALSE

Reason –> triggers afferent neurons in the spinal cord, which causes sudden and powerful contraction of the penile muscles

99
Q

True / False

In sheep, removal of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL extends the lifespan of the CL

A

True

100
Q

True / False

The “Coolidge effect” is defined as the restoration of mating behavior in a sexually satiated male by introducing a novel female

A

True

101
Q

True / False

The recommended treatment for a luteal cyst would be to ovulate it by treating with GnRH or hCG

A

False

Reason –> Give PGF2a to make luteal cysts regress. GnRH or hCG would be given to treat follicular cysts

102
Q

True / False

The ovarian PGF2a produced in women is responsible for menses

A

False

Reason –> progesterone

103
Q

True / False

PGF2a is produced by cells lining the uterine glands in both the cow and woman

A

True

104
Q

True / False

During the remodeling of the corpus hemmorragium into the CL in humans and primates, the large and small luteal cells become intermixed

A

False

Reason –> theca interna and granulosa cells become intermixed

105
Q

True / False

Function (vigor) of the CL is critically dependent on the # of granulosa cells that are detected from the dominant follicle

A

True

106
Q

True / False

Release of NO by NANC neurons associated with corporal sinusoids results in the activation of cAMP

A

False

Reason –> results in activation of GTP –> cGMP –> sinusoid smooth muscle relaxes –> erection

107
Q

True / False

In the luteal cell, the activation of cAMP and protein kinases (2nd messenger systems) following LH binding to its receptor results in more cholesterol entering the mitochondria

A

True

108
Q

Extra credit

Spermatozoa of the American opposum are ejaculated in ____________

A

Doublets

109
Q

Extra credit

The praying mantis has unusual reproductive behavior. As soon as the male mounts the female and accomplishes intromission, the female _______________

A

Bites his head off

110
Q

Extra credit

The CL of most rodents (mice, hampsters, and gerbils) does not develop unless ___________ occurs

A

Copulation

111
Q

Roman snails shoot ______________ at one another before copulation to determine if they are both members of the same species

A

Love darts

112
Q

During estrus (2-4), lions can copulate more than _______ times.

A

100

ASCI 341 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions