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ASCI 341 > CH 7 Reproductive Cyclicity > Flashcards

CH 7 Reproductive Cyclicity Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to female (in general) at puberty?

A

Female enters state of reproductive cyclicity

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2
Q

What does the estrous cycle do?

A

Provides female with repeated opportunities to become pregnant

If conception occurs, then female enters period of anestrus during pregnancy which ends after parturition, uterine involution and lactation

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3
Q

What is estrus?

A

“standing heat” –> period of sexual receptivity

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4
Q

What is the estrous cycle?

A

Period from 1st estrus to the next

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5
Q

Polyestrus

A

uniform distribution of estrous cycles throughout the entire year

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6
Q

Seasonally polyestrous

A

“clusters” of estrous that occur during certain seasons

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7
Q

What animal is a short-day breeder?

A

sheep

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8
Q

What animal is a long day breeder?

A

horses

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9
Q

Monoestrus

A

Only one estrous cycle per year

Periods of estrus last for several days

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10
Q

What are the 2 phases of the estrous cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Luteal phase
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11
Q

What is the follicular phase (including structure and hormone)?

A

Period of regression of CL to ovulation
Generally short, <20% of cycle

Structure: follicle
Hormone: estradiol

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12
Q

What is the luteal phase (including structure and hormone)?

A

Period from ovulation to CL regression
Very long, ~80% of cycle

Structure: CL
Hormone: progesterone

However, follicles do continue to grow during this phase

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13
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the estrous cycle?

A
  1. proestrus
  2. estrus
  3. metestrus
  4. diestrus
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14
Q

Proestrus

A

formation of ovulatory follicles + E2 secretion

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15
Q

Estrus

A

sexual receptivity + peak E2 secretion

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16
Q

Metestrus

A

Sexual receptivity +CL formation + beginning of P4 secretion + peak E2 secretion + ovulation follicular phase

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17
Q

Diestrus

A

Sustained luteal secretion of P4

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18
Q

When does proestrus begin and end?

A

period immediately before estrus

begins immediately when progesterone declines as a result of CL lysis and ends at the onset of estrus

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19
Q

How long is proestrus?

A

2-5 days in length

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20
Q

What hormones does proestrus switch from and to?

A

Switch from progesterone dominance to estradiol dominance

21
Q

What is homrone transition during proestrus due to?

A

The transition is due to FSH and LH

22
Q

What is estrus characterized by?

A

Visible behavioral symptoms such as sexual receptivity and mating

23
Q

What hormone is dominant during estrus?

A

Estradiol is dominant and at peak levels

24
Q

What is lorodosis?

A

Mating posture

25
Q

What happens during estrus?

A

Ovulation - for all species but cow which occurs during metestrus

26
Q

When does metestrus occur?

A

Period between ovulation and formation of functional CL

27
Q

What are hormone profiles during metestrus?

A

At start, E2 and P4 are relatively low. P4 levels increase over this period.

28
Q

When does diestrus occurs?

A

Period from formation of fully-functional CL (high P4) to lysis of the CL

Longest stage of the estrous cycle

29
Q

What happens during diestrus?

A

Uterus prepares a suitable development and eventual attachment of the embryo to uterine endometrium

30
Q

How long does diestrus last?

A

usually 10-14 days in length

31
Q

Dog estrous cycle phases

A

Phases: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus

32
Q

How many estrous cycles do wild canids go through?

A

1 estrous cycle/ year - usually seasonal

33
Q

How many estrous cycles do domestic dogs go through and when do they occur?

A

2 estrous cycles/year

February - May

34
Q

What type of estrous cycles do cats have?

A

Polyestrous cycles - uniform distribution of estrous cycles that occur throughout the entire year

35
Q

What type of ovulators are felids?

A

Induced ovulators - copulation indices LH surge

36
Q

What is postestrus in cats?

A

Inerestrus period following estrus in queen that has not been induced to ovulate by copulation

37
Q

What happens if there is no copulation in cats?

A

No ovulation of CL formation. Thus, no metestrus or diestrus

38
Q

What is anestrus?

A

“without cyclicity” - ovaries remain inactive

39
Q

What can anestrus be caused by?

A
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
  • the presence of offspring
  • season
  • stress
  • pathology
40
Q

What is the average menstrual cycle in women?

A

28 days

41
Q

What is menses?

A

sloughing of the endometrium to the exterior

42
Q

What is another name for anestrus in women?

A

amernorrhea

43
Q

What animals are polyestrus?

A

cow, queen, pig, rodents

44
Q

What animal(s) are long day seasonal polyestrus

A

horses

45
Q

What animals are short day seasonal polyestrus?

A

Ewe, doe, elk, nanny

46
Q

What animals are monoestrous?

A

dog, wolf, fox, bear

47
Q

What does the suckling stimulus do?

A

Blocks release of GnRH which then reduces LH to stimulate ovary follicular development

48
Q

What is the ram effect?

A

placement of male with females will decrease time to estrus. Especially important in ewe

ASCI 341 (13 decks)

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