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PARA4012: Anatomy and Physiology > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of? (3)

A
  • network of vessels
  • tissues and organs
  • red bone marrow
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2
Q

What are the 3 primary functions on the lymph system?

A
  1. drains excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and returns to blood
  2. transports dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins absorbed from the GI tract
  3. initiates immunes responses against foreign cells and microbes
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3
Q

the lymphatic system in made up of minute ___ ____ capillaries which lie in the ____ ____ between body cells

A

blind-ending
tissue spaces

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4
Q

what are the two main lymphatic ducts?

A
  1. thoracic duct
  2. right lymphatic duct
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5
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic ducts?

A

To transfer the lymph from the lymphatic vessels back into the blood circulation

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6
Q

How is lymph moves through vessels?

A

Skeletal muscle contractions (which generate pressure)

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7
Q

What are lacteals and where are they found?

A

Tiny lymphatic vessels
In the villi of the small intestine

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8
Q

What is the function of lacteals?

A

Absorption of lipids from digestive tract

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9
Q

Lymph is collected in ____ and flows into progressively ___ lymph vessels, passing through a number of ___ ___

A

capillaries
larger
lymph nodes

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of primary lymphatic tissue?

A
  1. red bone marrow
  2. thymus
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11
Q

What happens in primary lymphatic tissue?

A

Stem cells divide
and become immunocompetent

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12
Q

What is the location and function of the thymus?

A
  • located in mediastinum
  • assists in maturation of T-cells which have migrated from bone marrow
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13
Q

What are the 3 secondary lymphatic tissues?

A
  1. spleen
  2. lymph nodes
  3. nodules
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14
Q

What is the function of secondary lymphatic tissues?

A

Main sites which initiate immune responses

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15
Q

What is the location and function of the spleen?

A
  • Left hypochondriac region
  • Immune functions relating to red blood cells
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16
Q

What is the location and function of lymph nodes?

A
  • occur in groups along lymphatic vessels (in particular group and axilla)
  • covered by capsule of connective tissue
  • filter foreign substances
  • illicit immune response (memory cells)
17
Q

What is the location and function of nodules?

A
  • masses of lymphatic tissue (not surrounded by capsule)
  • found in connective tissue of mucous membranes in the GI, urinary, reproductive and respiratory tracts
18
Q

What is an example of a lymph nodule?

A

Tonsils

19
Q

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Innate is non-specific, present at birth
Adaptive is an antigen specific response to invading microbe

20
Q

What is the first line of defence against microbes? (2)

A

Skin
Mucous membranes

21
Q

What is the second line of defence against microbes? (4)

A
  1. antimicrobial substances
  2. natural killer cells and phagocytes
  3. fever
  4. inflammation
22
Q

What are the 5 stages of phagocytosis?

A
  1. chemotaxis (migration of cells towards pathogen)
  2. adherence
  3. ingestion
  4. digestion
  5. killing
23
Q

What are the 3 stages of inflammation?

A
  1. vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
  2. movement of phagocytes
  3. tissue repair
24
Q

Adaptive immunity is mainly mediated by _-____ and _-____

A

B-cells
T-cells

25
Q

What are the 2 main types of T-cells?

A
  • cytotoxic
  • helper
26
Q

What happens in cell mediated immunity?

A

Cytotoxic T-cells directly attack infected cells

27
Q

What happens in antibody mediated immunity? (3)

A

1.B-cells turn into plasma cells
2. Release specific antibodies
3. Which bind to specific antigen to neutralise it

28
Q

When are memory cells made and what do they do?

A

Made during immune response
Trigger a faster immune response

29
Q

What is the function of the complement system?

A

Stops excessive damage to body tissues during immune response

30
Q

What is the complement system made up of?

A

> 30 proteins circulating in blood plasma and tissues

31
Q

Where are the proteins that make up the complement system produced?

A

Liver

PARA4012: Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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