The Lymphatic System

Question 1

what is the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

an organ and vessel system, present in vertebrates which is part of both the circulatory system and the immune system

Question 2

what is the circulatory system?

Answer 2

carries the blood in the arteries, capillaries and veins.

Question 3

what is interstitial fluid?

Answer 3

the portion of plasma remaining which has been removed from the blood but has not returned to the blood vessels. the lymphatic vessels pick up this fluid.

Question 4

what makes up the lymphatic system?

Answer 4

vessels, the fluid (lymph) and organs

Question 5

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 5

bone marrow and the thymus

Question 6

what are the secondary lymph organs?

Answer 6

lymph nodes (tonsils and adenoids) and the spleen

Question 7

what is the role of the thymus?

Answer 7

where T lymphocytes mature, important for adaptive immune response and removal of auto reactive cells to prevent autoimmunity

Question 8

what is the role of the lymph nodes?

Answer 8

lymph drains from tissues here, collects antigens from periphery and are the site of adaptive immune response activation

Question 9

what is the role of the spleen?

Answer 9

an oil filter, resivour of RBC’s and WBC’s, collects blood borne antigens

Question 10

what are the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 10

a network of vessels throughout the body that drain lymph back into the blood and are also involved in the immune response

Question 11

what is the flow of the lymphatic system look like?

Answer 11

entrance of the right lymphatic duct (near neck) into the right subclavian vein. entrance of the thoracic duct into the left subclavian vein. cisterna chylia (receives lymph drainage from the digestive organs)

Question 12

what is there relationship between circulatory system and lymph vessels

Answer 12

lymphatic vessels interdigitate between blood capillaries

Question 13

what is lymph?

Answer 13

comes from the interstitial fluid in the tissue, it carries proteins and fats from digestive system. (the body sewage system). also transportation antigens and bacteria along with immune cells.

Question 14

where do lymphocytes (white blood cells) come from?

Answer 14

primary lymphoid organs

Question 15

what are the afferent lymphatic vessels?

Answer 15

lymph is drained in here to the lymph node where it is filtered out

Question 16

what are the efferent vessels?

Answer 16

where clean lymph will drain out of the lymph node.

Question 17

what are endothelium?

Answer 17

a type of epithelial cell

Question 18

what characterise ednothelium?

Answer 18

the epithelia rest on the basement membrane but there is not much basement membrane on these cells.
-at the edges they have overlapping junctions which are loosely attached to their neighbours.

Question 19

where does fluid enter the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

between endothelial cells because of the pressure of fluid in the surrounding tissue.

Question 20

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 20

the process by which a cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules

Question 21

what are anchoring filaments?

Answer 21

fine filaments attached to the walls of vessels which blend with local fibres and help hold the lumen open and stop the vessel collapsing.

Question 22

where does the right lymphatic duct collect lymph from?

Answer 22

right arm and the right side of the head and chest.

Question 23

where are many lymphatic vessels found?

Answer 23

deep in the body amongst muscles. often found near arteries.

Question 24

what helps the fluid move along?

Answer 24

the surrounding muscles when they contract the tissue presses on the lymphatic vessels and pushes the fluid along. as arteries pulsate they press on the lymphatic vessels.

Question 25

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 25

vessels that filter lymph

Question 26

where does the right lymphatic duct deposit lymph?

Answer 26

junction between the right jugular vein and the right subclavian vein.

Question 27

where does the thoracic duct collect lymph from?

Answer 27

left side of head arm and chest and entire lower body.

Question 28

where does the thoracic duct deposit lymph?

Answer 28

junction between the left jugular vein and left subclavian.

Question 29

Hat are blood born antigens?

Answer 29

Induce rapid B and T cell contact

Question 30

Where are blood born antigens found?

Answer 30

Spleen

Question 31

Where is the site of adaptive immune response activation?

Answer 31

Lymph nodes