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MD4001 Physiology > The limbic system > Flashcards

The limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the limbic system

A

emotion, appetite and homeostasis - endocrine and autonomic nervous system control, memory function and recall, olfaction

engages the person with the environment, reference to past experience, present situation

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2
Q

what is the limbic system

A

interconnected discrete structures within the brain and brain stem forming a ring around the corpus callosum

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3
Q

what four catergories can the limbic system functions be divided into

A

emotions and drives via the amygdala

homeostasis and motivation (hypothalamus)

olfaction (olfactory cortex)

memory (hippocampus)

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4
Q

where is the amagdala

A

found at the anterior tip of the hippocampus, provides and emotional component to experiences and memory and teh ability to recognise fear

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5
Q

what inputs go to the amygdala

A

frontal temporal and parietal lobes receiving cognitive information

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6
Q

what are the efferents from the limbic system

A

hypothalamus and limbic cortex providing and emotional cognisance, and visceral/ homeostatic information

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7
Q

what can amygdala lesions cause

A

loss of recognition of fear and anger in other people

stimulation causes fear and aggression

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8
Q

what is Kluver-bucy syndrom

A

bilateral temporal lobe lesions (including the amagdala) in all mammals produces

visual recognition impairments

hypersexuality

loss of fear conditioning

oral tendencies

flattened emotions

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9
Q

describe hypothalamic circuitry

A

parasympathetic to viscera

sympathetic

feedbacks to the limbic system about environments both internally and externally

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10
Q

what subgroups can effects of the hypothalamus be broken into

A

vegetive (visceral)

endocrine (control over anterior pituritary release

behavioural functions

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11
Q

what is the mesolimbic dopamine system

A

reward system

found in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain

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12
Q

where does the mesolimbic dopamine system project to

A

medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum

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13
Q

describe the effects of recreational drugs on the limbic system

A

thought to have a common dopaminergic pathway in the limbic system

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14
Q

what is the anterior insular cortex

A

provides introspeciton which allows the interpretation of sensation as joy or disgsust

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15
Q

what is huntigntons

A

a progressive frontal cortex degenerative disease

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16
Q

what is the periaquaductal grey

A

the primary control centre for descending pain modulation

encaphalin producing cells which suppress pain

The PAG is able to reduce activity in the
ascending pain pathway

17
Q

describe the limbic system’s effect on pain

A

involved in pain perception such as the PAG

18
Q

what chemicals agonise the effect of PAG on pain

A

opiates and endorphins

19
Q

what can electrical stimulation of PAG cause

A

analgesia

20
Q

what is the effect of nalaxone

A

blocks opiate receptors- used to counteract opiate pain medications

21
Q

what limbic structures are involved in depression

A

ventromedial portion of the prefrontal cortex

cingulate gyrus

22
Q

what is the ventromedial portion of the prefrontal cortex

A

goal setting, forward planning and ascribing meaning to perception

reduced mass in individuals with familial depression

23
Q

describe the state of the ventromedial portion of the prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder

A

inactive during depressive states

hyperactive during manic phases

24
Q

what is the function of the cingulate gyrus

A

involved in emotion and cognition

25
Q

describe the state of the cingulate gyrus in mental illness

A

reduced during depression

more active in depressive phases of bipolar patients and less active in manic phases

involved in schizophrenia, mood swings

26
Q

what neurotransmitters may be imbalanced in depression

A

serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine

27
Q

what hormone is elevated as a response to prolonged stress

A

glucocorticoid, released from the adrenal glands

28
Q

what part of the brain detects glucocorticoid

A

hippocampus which then activates the hypothalamus into releasing corticotropin releasing hormone

29
Q

what hormone does corticotropin releasing hormon release

A

adrenocorticotrophic hormone which causes the release of more glucocorticoids

30
Q

why may glucocorticoids be elevated in people with depression

A

cortical receptors feedback which blocks the production of CRH but this may not work

this affects serotonin receptors

MD4001 Physiology (19 decks)

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